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Clonal expansion in phenotypically normal or non-cancer tissues is commonly seen in association with ageing and/or in response to environmental insults and chronic inflammation, but does not necessarily indicate cancer development. This Review discusses recent findings on clonal expansion in these tissues and their biological significance in cancer development, ageing and inflammatory diseases.
Alterations in the extracellular matrix at the biochemical, biomechanical, architectural and topographical levels contribute to the development and progression of solid tumours. Our increased understanding of matrix biology is leading to the development of new approaches that co-target the matrix in cancer, including in metastasis.
Histone variants are critical for maintenance of genome integrity, nuclear architecture and cell identity. Emerging evidence implicates histone variants and their dedicated chaperones in cancer initiation and progression; this Review examines the key players, their mechanisms of action and strategies to target these therapeutically.
This Perspective outlines the connections of epithelial–mesenchymal transition programmes to the stem cell state in both normal and cancer stem cells and discusses emerging concepts related to the heterogeneous and plastic cell states generated by an epithelial–mesenchymal transition that influence our understanding of cancer stem cell biology and cancer metastasis.
The number of publications on deep learning for cancer diagnostics is rapidly increasing, but clinical translation is slow. This Perspective advocates performance estimation in external cohorts and strongly advises that a primary analysis is predefined in a standardized protocol preferentially stored in an online repository.
This Review outlines the major advances that have been made to the efficacy and safety of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies over the past 3 years and looks to new findings that will have consequences for the future of this immunotherapy.
This Review describes the metabolic rewiring that occurs in cancer cells transitioning through the metastatic cascade and discusses the evidence for metabolically distinct features of primary tumours and metastases.
Aberrant signalling of ERBB family members plays an important role in tumorigenesis and in the escape from antitumour immunity in multiple malignancies. This Review discusses the mechanisms by which this signalling affects antitumour immune responses and the potential application of immune-genome precision medicine in this context.
This Review discusses the diverse facets of cancer biology that are shaped by aneuploidy and highlights the distinct roles of aneuploidy as both a tumour promoter and an anticancer vulnerability.
