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This Review describes recent advances in our understanding of tumour-associated myeloid cells in tumour progression and responses to therapy, discussing possible avenues to manipulate these cells in the tumour microenvironment.
Given the important roles of telomerase in cancer, it is an attractive therapeutic target. This Review discusses our current knowledge of telomerase activities in cancer and strategies for therapeutic exploitation.
The traditionally held belief that neutrophils are inert bystanders in cancer has been challenged by the recent literature. This Review discusses the involvement of neutrophils in cancer initiation and progression, and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
This Review discusses the current genetic and functional links between dysregulated and/or mutated RNA splicing factors and cancer, as well as the therapeutic opportunities presented by alterations in alternative splicing in cancer.
This Review discusses PIN1-catalysed prolyl isomerization as a common signalling mechanism to regulate the balance of oncogenes and tumour suppressors. PIN1 inhibitors may be able to restore the balance in cancer cells and cancer stem cells to treat aggressive and drug-resistant tumours.
This Review summarizes progress in our understanding of the mechanisms by which different bone cell types support tumour cell dormancy and reactivation, and highlights new therapeutic approaches to control dormancy and bone metastasis by targeting the bone microenvironment.
The interplay between cellular signalling pathways and chromatin modifications adds another layer of complexity to the already complex regulation of the epigenome. This Review discusses how signalling connections to epigenetics contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of neoplasia.
This Review discusses the mechanisms underlying 'hot-spot' translocations, which frequently occur in human lymphomas. Discussion of the role of activation-induced deaminase (AID) and the recombination activating gene (RAG) complex provides insights into these mechanisms. Some aspects may also apply to translocations that occur in non-lymphoid neoplasms.
This Review proposes evolutionary models of tumour progression for melanomas on sun-exposed skin by integrating genetic, epidemiological, clinical and histopathological information.
This Review summarizes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate translation in cancer cells. The authors highlight the technological advances that have fuelled progress in this field and discuss how cancer cells tailor translation to adapt to oncogenic stress.
This Review discusses our current understanding of oesophageal adenocarcinoma and intestinal-type gastric cancer, integrating advances from cell-of-origin studies and comprehensive genomic alteration analyses, with the goal of providing insight into the relationships between these two cancers.
This Review assesses the mechanism-based biomarkers in use and in development for immune checkpoint inhibition, identifying cancer types and cancer phenotypes that are most likely to respond to immune checkpoint blockade, and considerations for future biomarkers of immune checkpoint response.
Tumour metastasis is a major contributor to the mortality of cancer patients, so why is this phase of cancer pathogenesis not routinely targeted? This Review discusses the possible strategies — including preclinical research, combination therapies and clinical trial designs — that could be developed to target metastasis.
This Review discusses technological and biologically based advances in radiotherapy. The authors envisage that these two major strategies will act synergistically to further widen the therapeutic window of radiation oncology in the era of precision medicine.
This Review summarizes immune evasion mechanisms that limit the therapeutic efficacy of cancer vaccines. The authors discuss how improving vaccine design and using vaccines in combination with other anticancer therapies can boost treatment efficacy in patients with established cancers.
This Review discusses the molecular biology underlying chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Emphasizing the role of genetic lesions in CLL initiation and clinical progression, the article also considers the clinical implications of these findings.
Interferons (IFNs) activate and regulate antitumour immune responses. This Review discusses lessons that can be learnt from using type I IFNs in oncology and our current understanding of the interferome in modifying antitumour immune responses.
Recent studies have shown that germline and somatic mutations in the proofreading exonuclease domains of the replicative DNA polymerases Pol δ and Pol ε are associated with several cancers. This Review summarizes what these mutations are and how they might drive tumorigenesis, and highlights their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
