Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain
the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in
Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles
and JavaScript.
The key points of this study are three-fold: The first point is the physiological impact. Intuitively, an ingestion pattern that minimizes the maximum blood glucose level is expected to be a slow, continuous ingestion. We found that the optimal minimization pattern was an intermittent pattern with 30 min intervals. The second point is the methodology. We constructed the mathematical model as a forward problem, and in turn, predicted input pattern by control the output pattern of interest as an inverse problem. The third point is the experiment design used to generate the mathematical model; dense time course data for six ingestion patterns combining of 3 doses of glucose level and 2 durations of ingestion.