Review Articles

The application of deep learning to the design of photonic structures and devices is reviewed, including algorithm fundamentals.

Recent improvements of the operation speed of variable optical elements are reviewed with an emphasis on components with microsecond focus-varying response time.

The Review summarizes the progress of hybrid quantum photonics integration in terms of its important design considerations and fabrication approaches, and highlights some successful realizations of key physical resources for building integrated quantum devices, such as quantum teleporters, quantum repeaters and quantum simulators.

The prospects for improving photon upconversion systems by combining organic dyes and inorganic nanoparticles are reviewed.

This Review covers recent progress in integrated quantum photonics (IQP) technologies and their applications. The challenges and opportunities of realizing large-scale, monolithic IQP circuits for future quantum applications are discussed.

Front-induced transitions have been used in dispersion-engineered waveguides for frequency conversion, optical delays, and bandwidth and pulse duration manipulation. This Review provides a theoretical description of the subject and highlights the potential for light manipulation in guided optics.

Acousto-optical interactions within integrated optics platforms are reviewed with a discussion of the useful chip-based devices such as lasers, amplifiers, filters, isolators and more besides that can result.

This Review covers recent progress in AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting devices. The key technologies of how to improve their performance, carrier-injection efficiency, light extraction efficiency and heat dissipation are discussed.

Frequency comb spectroscopy is a recent field of research that has blossomed in the past five years. This Review discusses developments in the emerging and rapidly advancing field of atomic and molecular broadband spectroscopy with frequency combs.

This Review discusses the developments and applications of on-chip optical frequency comb generation based on two concepts—supercontinuum generation in photonic-chip waveguides and Kerr-comb generation in microresonators.

This Review describes quantum frequency combs that operate via photon entanglement, beginning with mode-locked quantum frequency combs followed by energy–time entanglement methods. The use of photonic integration and fibre-optic telecommunications components in enabling the quantum state control are also discussed.

This Review discusses recent advances of microwave photonic technologies and their applications in communications and information processing, as well as their potential implementations in quantum and neuromorphic photonics.

Rather than requiring millions of pixels, it is possible to make a camera that only needs one pixel. This Review details the working principle, advantages, technical considerations and future potential of single-pixel imaging.

This Review discusses emerging applications of photonic quantum sensing. The theoretical and experimental developments of quantum reading of classical data, quantum illumination of targets, and optical resolution beyond the Rayleigh limit are described.

Starting with a desired optical output it is possible to use computational algorithms to inverse design devices. The approach is reviewed here with an emphasis on nanophotonics.

Over the past 10–15 years, quantitative phase imaging has moved from a research-driven to an application-focused field. This Review presents the main principles of operation and representative basic and clinical science applications.

This Review covers recent progress in quantum technologies with optically addressable solid-state spins. A possible path to chip-scale quantum technologies through advances in nanofabrication, quantum control and materials engineering is described.

Valleytronics in single-layer semiconductors is reviewed with an emphasis on controlling the valley degree of freedom with light as well as potential applications.

This Review describes how non-fullerene electron acceptor materials are bringing improvements in the power conversion efficiency and stability of organic solar cells.

This Review covers key advancements in X-ray ptychographic microscopy and tomography over the past ten years. Potential applications in the life and materials sciences, the latest concepts and future developments are also discussed.