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Antibiotic-mediated selection may promote or suppress conjugation dynamics, dependent on the population structure, physiological status of cells and energy availability.
Enrichment of oral microbiota in the bronchoalveolar lavage of apparently healthy people is associated with a pro-inflammatory phenotype, suggesting that aspiration-derived microbiota play a role in regulating basal inflammatory status.
The mosquito gut microbiome utilizes C-type lectins to evade the bactericidal capacity of host-derived antimicrobial peptides, providing a mechanism for microbiome-induced manipulation of host immunity and maintenance of gut homeostasis.
Binding of type 3 secretion system translocons to host intermediate filaments mediate Shigella, Salmonella and Yersinia docking and facilitate effector translocation.
A transposon-based screen identifies a family of outer membrane proteins — named surface lipoprotein assembly modulator (Slam) — that are important for the surface display of lipoprotein virulence factors in Neisseria spp.
Infection with HIV-1 triggers an increase in N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of both viral and host mRNAs, which impacts viral replication and nuclear export of viral RNA.
The HigBA toxin–antitoxin system of Caulobacter crescentus can act as a switch between promoting and inhibiting bacterial growth, depending on the dosage of HigA antitoxin, HigB toxin and its mRNA target.
T. gondii crosses biological barriers using transcellular migration or within an infected migrating cell. Here, infection and lysis of endothelial cells in the brain vasculature is identified as a new route of access to the central nervous system.
Deletions in amino acid biosynthetic pathways (auxotrophy) are widely used as selection markers, but induce major alterations of the Saccharomyces transcriptome, proteome and metabolome, representing a confounding factor in the use of auxotrophs.
pks5-recombination-mediated cell surface remodelling increased virulence of Mycobacterium canettii, driving evolution from a putative generalist mycobacteria towards a professional pathogen of mammalian hosts.
Analysis of microbial cell and virus abundance estimates from 25 distinct marine surveys reveals that virus-to-microbial cell ratio decreases with microbial cell density, questioning the idea that viral abundance is always 10-fold higher.
Whole genomes of 185 atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) isolates reveal 30 LEE (locus of enterocyte effacement) subtypes in 3 major lineages, varying in insertion site preference and their complement of non-LEE encoded effector genes.
Comparative genomics of 70 lethal, non-lethal symptomatic and asymptomatic enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolates identifies the virulence-associated genes that are significantly more prevalent in symptomatic and lethal infections.
Tetrahydropyrazo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (THPP) targets the essential non-catalytic enoyl-CoA hydratase homologue EchA6 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and not MmpL3 as previously thought.
Bacterial symbionts in natural populations of the stinkbug Plautia stali are undergoing an evolutionary transition from a free-living lifestyle in the environment to obligate mutualism.
Natural populations of Saccharomyces paradoxus in which rapid evolution of chromosome architecture and contact between nascent species drove the formation of a new species through homoploid hybrid speciation.
Genome-wide 3ʹ-end mapping shows that Bacillus subtilis terminators that depend on NusA have weak hairpins and/or distal U-tract interruptions, suggesting NusA is directly involved in the termination mechanism.