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Detection of monkeypox viruses (MPXV) in archival testes samples from acute and convalescent MPXV-infected macaques provides evidence supporting the potential for sexual transmision of MPXV.
Longitudinal population deep sequencing of Streptococcus pneumoniae sampled from infants and their mothers improves our understanding of the dynamics of colonization, transmission, inter-strain competition and the impact of antibiotic treatment.
The SIR2-domain-containing protein DSR2 from Bacillussubtilis protects against SPR phage infection via NAD+ depletion. Some phages express anti-DSR2 proteins, blocking bacterial immunity.
Short pAgo proteins associate with the Sir2 effector from Geobacter sulfurreducens to induce abortive infection via NAD+ depletion and provide defence against invading DNA.
Type IV CRISPR systems that interfere with the transmission of mobile genetic elements are poorly understood. Here the authors show that a Pseudomonas Type IV-A system targets DNA in a PAM-dependent manner without DNA nuclease activity.
Metagenomics and metabolomics analysis of a longitudinal cohort of 123 very preterm infants reveals multiple drivers of gut microbiome development and indicates that there are strain-specific effects of probiotic products.
Anti-cancer fluoropyrimidine drugs have antibacterial effects on the gut microbiome, and these drugs can be metabolized by gut bacteria via conserved pathways also found in mammalian hosts.
The oral bacterium Veillonella parvula utilizes inflammation-associated nitrate to facilitate colonization of the intestinal tract, which is observed in a mouse model of colitis and patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Here the authors use 71 E. coli strains to generate a fosmid library that is experimentally tested for anti-phage activity and find dozens of new candidate defence systems, many of which are carried on prophage or mobile genetic elements.
Bacterial divisome protein FtsA, which is an actin homologue, forms double filaments following binding to FtsN, and like MreB, an actin homologue in the elongasome, the curvature-sensing double filaments guide peptidoglycan insertion for cell division.
Pseudomonas putida uses a type IVB secretion system to kill a broad range of Gram-negative bacteria, invade biofilms and prevent phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum infection in tomato plants.
In apicomplexan parasites, the conoid is a dynamic organelle of enigmatic function. This study establishes that the conoid movement is essential to control the flux of F-actin needed for myosin-dependent motility that powers invasion and egress.
Pan-genome analyses of clinical pneumococcal strains identify categories of essential genes and show that gene essentiality depends on strain genetic background.
In situ cryo-ET imaging and live-cell fluorescence microscopy reveal that septal peptidoglycan architecture and divisome activity modulate bacterial morphogenesis in Escherichia coli.
Rational design of live-attenuated RNA viruses with potential as vaccines is enabled by identification of sequence rules for zinc finger antiviral protein.
Tropical forests store vast amounts of carbon that might be liberated as temperatures increase. A 2-year experiment of tropical forest soil warming reveals that microbial diversity is reduced, but enzyme activity is increased, resulting in CO2 emissions threefold greater than modelling predicts.
A newly discovered benzoxaborole prodrug AN15368 cures Trypanosoma cruzi infection (the cause of Chagas disease) in mice and in naturally infected non-human primates.