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In this Article, using a nutrient-limited, media-based compound screening, the authors discover that the old antibiotic rifabutin is highly active against extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.
This study provides new insights into the structure, assembly and dynamics of type I restriction–modification systems, and their inhibition by phage proteins.
‘Lentimonas’—a marine microorganism from the Verrucomicrobia phylum—has >200 different glycoside hydrolase and sulfatase enzymes enabling digestion of the algal polysaccharide fucoidan, which was thought to be a recalcitrant source of carbon in our oceans.
A CRISPR–Cas9 screening identifies cellular genes that regulate Epstein–Barr virus latency type I–III transition. The authors identify UHRF1 and DNMT1 as major regulators of this pathway. They also show that components of the polycomb repressor complex contribute to this regulation.
Antibiotic adjuvant peptide SLAP-S25 binds to the inner and outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria to cause membrane damage and boost efficacy of all major antibiotic classes.
Porphyromonas gingivalis, an oral anaerobe involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, relies on extracellular proteases to degrade proteins into peptides for growth, but how these peptides enter the cell is unknown. Here, the authors identify RagAB as the outer-membrane importer for these peptides and solve its structure, elucidating that it works via a ‘pedal bin’ mechanism of nutrient uptake.
The authors present the full-length structure of the polymerase (L protein) from the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV)—a segmented, negative-stranded RNA virus. The structure reveals important details with implications for the understanding of viral transcription and replication, and provides information on the organization of the polymerase core domain, entrance and exit tunnels, as well as the cap-binding and endonuclease domains.
Monkeypox is caused by an emerging zoonotic virus. This study describes a detailed investigation into monkeypox outbreaks in chimpanzees through non-invasive environmental sampling, virus genomics, pathology, behavioural ecology and dietary metabarcoding.
A comparison of the evolutionary history and geographical spread of the antimicrobial-resistant pathogen Staphylococcus capitis in neonatal intensive care units indicates that acquisition of antibiotic resistance and increased competitiveness have led to the success of the NRCS-A S. capitis clone.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells work collectively to survive and replicate at high temperatures by secreting glutathione, an antioxidant that mitigates heat-mediated damage to yeast cells.
The oxysterol 25-hydroxycholesterol reduces the levels of plasma membrane accessible cholesterol via acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase to inhibit infection and dissemination of intracellular bacterial pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes.
Using a multi-omics approach to analyse meconium and stool samples from babies during the first few days of life, the authors show that the gut is detectably colonized within 16 h of birth, with Escherichia coli dominating, and that this correlates with proteome and metabolome changes including the fermentation of amino acids.
An analysis of Plasmodium falciparum FIKK serine/threonine kinases elucidates how phosphorylation regulates parasite infection of host red blood cells.
Using macroecological approaches and human and murine gut microbiota datasets, the authors demonstrate that the dynamics of these complex microbial communities can be characterized similarly to other ecological systems by multiple quantitative relationships. The observed macroecological relationships were then used to identify specific taxa that are impacted by environmental changes.
Structures of the flagellar MS-ring from Salmonella elucidate its mode of action, revealing how this complex serves as a structural adaptor that enables protein secretion and flagellar rotation.
SspABCD–SspE is a widespread bacterial defence system against phage infection, in which SspABCD is responsible for introducing phosphorothioate modifications and SspE serves as a nickase that cleaves foreign DNA.
A search for genes encoding anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins on plasmids and other conjugative elements identifies new Acrs that regulate plasmid dissemination and are broad-spectrum inhibitors of Cas9 in human cells.
Using single-cell imaging of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus, the authors show that confinement or mechanical perturbations result in altered photosynthetic activity.
In this Article, the authors identify the mechanism of influenza virus transcription in viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs). This processive helical track mechanism is enabled by the extreme flexibility of the helical part of the vRNP, which allows the polymerase to move over the genome while bound to both RNA ends.
The replication of hepatitis B virus involves the formation of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which relies on a set of undefined host factors. Here, the authors use a cell-free system to reconstitute cccDNA formation and identify the minimal set of host factors required, which are components of the lagging-DNA-strand replication machinery.