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Both African and epidemic strains of Zika virus are shown to target CD14+ monocytes, which are more susceptible in pregnant women, but African strains are associated with inflammatory responses, and epidemic strains with immunotolerance.
This study reports the identification of broadly protective antibodies targeting the influenza B neuraminidase away from its active site. One dose of antibody therapy was more protective in mice than multiple doses of the current standard of care.
Metagenomic analyses reveal that microbial genomes undergo a community-wide transition in size and GC content across a narrow depth range, indicating that nutrient limitation is a major driver in marine microbial genomic and proteomic evolution.
During acute HIV type 1 infection, a subset of γδ T cells that express Δ42PD1 are shown to home to the gut, where they activate innate immunity and inflammation through direct interaction of Δ42PD1 with Toll-like receptor 4. Blockade of this pathway reduces mucosal damage.
A new class of drugs, hexahydroquinolines, inhibits host haemoglobin endocytosis by Plasmodium falciparum and displays both therapeutic and transmission-blocking activities.
Isolation of a cyanophage encoding photosystem I genes reveals that these are expressed during infection and inserted into host membranes, resulting in enhanced electron flow, and that phage carrying these genes are abundant in marine environments.
A genome-wide association approach identifies differential biofilm and virulence attributes associated with mortality in two Staphylococcus aureus clonal complexes.
A virulent phage of Streptococcus thermophilus encodes an anti-CRISPR protein that is active against the CRISPR–Cas9 of multiple bacteria and inhibits the SpCas9 system commonly used for genome engineering.
In situ analysis of natural Crocosphaera populations revealed diel cycling of transcript abundances for a range of metabolic pathways, indicating that these cyanobacteria are dominant nitrogen fixers and contributors to primary productivity.
Fungal pathogens are virtually ignored by the press, the public and funding bodies, despite posing a significant threat to public health, food biosecurity and biodiversity.
The discovery and genomic characterization of a new group of extreme halophilic methanogens sheds light on the origin of methanogenesis and the evolution of the Haloarchaea.
Co-culture of bacterial cells engineered with quorum-sensing and self-lysis circuits allows coupled oscillatory dynamics and stable states, opening the way to engineered microbial ecosystems with targeted dynamics and extending gene circuits to the ecosystem level.
This Perspective looks at how microbial anabolism and the soil microbial carbon pump control microbial necromass accumulation and stabilization; the ‘entombing effect’.
A structural analysis of the C-terminal extension of DotL and its binding partners DotN, IcmS, IcmW and LvgA elucidates how the type IV secretion system (T4SS) of Legionella pneumophila mediates the recruitment of T4SS effectors.
A lack of models has hindered the study of Ebola virus (EBOV) persistence and sequelae, which are now shown to occur in rhesus monkeys. Progressive EBOV spread into eyes, brain and testes with CD68+ cells as the cryptic EBOV reservoir.