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Breastmilk contains human milk oligosaccharides that promote the growth of Bifidobacterium species in the infant gut. These beneficial bacteria can produce aromatic lactic acids that may impact immune function in early life.
Viral encephalitis caused in mice by La Crosse arbovirus can be treated with rottlerin, which prevents viral trafficking from the Golgi and reduces virus titres and neuronal cell death in the central nervous system.
Bifidobacterium species associated with breastfeeding can convert aromatic amino acids into their respective aromatic lactic acids via a previously uncharacterized aromatic lactate dehydrogenase, which may impact immune function in infants.
Single-cell sequencing of nasal swab samples from people uninfected or infected with SARS-CoV-2 shows that children have a primed innate immune response, which may protect them from severe disease.
The authors assess the durability and long-term cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies raised in response to infections with SARS-CoV-2 or variants of concern in humans.
Extracellular electron transport in Geobacter has long been ascribed to conductive pili. Cryogenic electron microscopy now reveals non-conductive filaments made of pilin-heterodimer subunits. The combined data support a role for Geobacter pili in cytochrome-nanowire secretion instead of conduction.
A promising vaccine fails to provide durable protection against infection and clinical malaria in infants, a key malaria vaccine target population, in a phase 2b clinical trial. The need for a highly effective vaccine against malaria remains as urgent as ever.
Direct sampling of lung alveoli of critically-ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 shows that lung microbiota and an impaired alveolar immune response together are predictive of poor clinical outcomes.
Quantification of gut bacterial strains after fecal microbiome transplantation using the Strainer algorithm delineates long-term stable engraftment that explains patient outcomes.
A prospective, cross-sectional survey of 12,572 participants in Ethiopia reveals that malaria diagnostics miss almost 10% of cases owing to a gene deletion in Plasmodium falciparum that is under positive selection.
Flies, insects and spiders can serve as vectors of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales in a public hospital in Pakistan, according to a clinical and molecular epidemiology study.
Structural analysis of two human monoclonal antibodies that conform the antibody cocktail AZD7442, in complex with the RBD of SARS-CoV-2, reveal strong neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
Multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium abscessus clones from individuals who smoke have infiltrated the narrow niche of patients with cystic fibrosis, which has resulted in surprising specialization and subsequent worldwide dissemination.
In this Article, the authors perform evolutionary analyses of M. abscessus clinical isolates and report the emergence of dominant circulating clones (DCCs) in non-cystic fibrosis (CF) individuals followed by amplification in the CF community.
Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity islands are not all equal and can be satellites of pathogenicity islands or satellites of helper phages in a beguiling regulatory triad that enables pathogenicity island transfer.
In Bangladesh, genomics, social media and mobile phone data streams are integrated to map the spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineages and inform country-level policies to curb infection rates.
Proviral host factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, cellular processes that are important in SARS-CoV-2 replication and host factors that could be targeted by antiviral therapies for COVID-19 are reviewed.
Analysis of lower respiratory tract microbiome of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients rules out a role for secondary respiratory infections as drivers of increased mortality.