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Aftab Ansari and his colleagues show that antibody-mediated masking of α4β7 integrin impedes intravaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus in macaques.
Hashizume et al. report a new therapeutic strategy for treating pediatric gliomas with mutations in the H3F3A gene by inhibiting histone demethylation.
Tau pathology is identified in brains of individuals with Huntington's disease (HD), and reduction of tau expression can ameliorate disease in HD model mice.
Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinomas are rare but highly aggressive tumors, and our understanding of them is limited. In a new study, Miles Wilkinson and colleagues now report that they have identified somatic mutations in an RNA helicase encoded by UPF1 in some pancreatic adenosquamous carcinomas. UPF1 is required for nonsense-mediated RNA decay, suggesting that the aberrant accumulation of altered RNA transcripts may contribute to the malignant phenotype of these tumors and could be a target of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this tumor type.
Mutations inactivating ARID1A, a subunit of the chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex, have been identified in some human cancers. This study reveals that cancer cells with mutated ARID1A are dependent on the residual activity of the complex for proliferation and that even if concomitant alterations in the ARID1A homolog ARID1B can occur, loss of ARID1B activity confers a specific vulnerability to ARID1A-mutant cells that may in the future be explored for targeting purposes.
Understanding how and where HIV-1 infection persists in the body is crucial for efforts to eradicate the viral reservoir. Now Mathias Lichterfeld and his colleagues report that HIV-1 can infect CD4+ T memory stem cells (TSCM cells) and that infected TSCM cells constitute a stable component of the viral reservoir in individuals treated with antiretroviral therapy.
