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Members of the SLAM family of receptors promote the progression of invariant natural killer T cells through the thymic maturation process and facilitate proper host responses to exogenous lipid antigen through the recruitment and activity of SAP–Fyn and SHP-1, respectively.
Combined immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade (anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD-1) and the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin reveals the existence of a T cell– and eosinophil-targeted immunotherapy approach for solid tumors.
The transition of the fetus from the womb to the external world represents an extraordinary challenge. The generation of memory T cells before birth may serve an important role in preparation for this fundamental transition.
A multivalent vaccine that presents diverse influenza virus subtype H1 hemagglutinins on its surface induces broadly neutralizing antibodies in an animal model by displaying conserved epitopes at higher density than strain-specific epitopes.
In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, decreased abundance of the N-myristoyltransferase NMT1 in CD4+ T cells prevents N-myristoylation of the AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK and its localization to the lysosomal membrane, which leads to increased activation of the metabolic checkpoint kinase complex mTORC1 and proinflammatory T cell phenotypes.
The zinc transporter ZIP7 positively regulates signaling via the BCR during early B cell development in mice and humans. Impairment of ZIP7 function results in a novel primary immunodeficiency.
A new target for controlling T cell responses adds to the list of key processes dependent on the synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin, which is essential for neurotransmitter and nitric-oxide production and pain control.
Innate lymphoid cell–derived cytokine IL-13 promotes the maintenance of intestinal stem cells through stabilization of β-catenin. The circular RNA circPan3 regulates mRNA encoding the cytokine receptor subunit IL-13Rα and downstream IL-13 signaling to stabilize the β-catenin pathway in intestinal stem cells.
Activation of STING requires its translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the Golgi to vesicles, but the mechanisms that control its localization have been unclear. The ER calcium sensor STIM1 acts as an ER-retention factor that anchors STING on the ER and limits STING signaling.
The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA-modification pathway substantially affects the outcome of viral infection. Studies now show that m6A modification of transcripts encoding type I interferons limits the duration of anti-viral signaling.
