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Maini and colleagues used bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from the lower respiratory tract of healthy donors obtained before the COVID-19 pandemic to show airway-resident cross-reactive T cells are present in pre-pandemic BAL, and correlated with the strength of human coronavirus immunity
Serafini and colleagues show that intestinal villus ILC3s, which are largely immotile at steady state, develop a patrolling behavior in response to inflammation.
Delaying a second COVID-19 vaccine dose is a common strategy to maximize vaccine coverage, but the immunological effects are unclear. Hall et al. demonstrate that a delayed second dose significantly enhances neutralizing humoral immunity.
Phetsouphanh and colleagues show that individuals with long COVID have persistent activation of the innate and adaptive immune system at 8 months after infection and define a set of analytes associated with long COVID.