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Empirically observed regiochemistries indicate that the CF2H radical has a nucleophilic character similar to alkyl radicals, but the CF3 radical is electrophilic in reactions with heterocycles. Here, the authors report DFT calculations, reproducing experimental selectivities and leading to an explanation of this difference.
This study maps global tree composition in forests and assesses the impacts of historical forest cover loss and climate change. The results highlight the need for preserving the remaining large forest biomes, while regenerating degraded forests in a way that provides resilience against climate change.
The severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection varied over the course of the pandemic due to factors such as changes in variant characteristics and population immunity from previous infection or vaccination. Here, the authors estimate infection hospitalisation and infection fatality rates in England over time from the start of the pandemic until March 2023.
Protein expression vectors in cell-free systems mainly rely on double-stranded DNA and single-stranded RNA. Here, authors use circular single-stranded DNA as a programmable vector for gene regulation in a cell-free expression system by identifying its expression pathways.
Histone H2AX is a central regulator in DNA repair. Here, the authors show that the H2AX C-terminal linker mediates recruitment of 53BP1, a mechanism which evolved to function independently of the canonical phospho-ubiquitin axis important for DNA repair regulation.
The transcription factor WUSCHEL is essential for stem cell function, but factors that directly modulate WUS stability are unclear. This work discovers that the peptidase DA1 cleaves and destabilizes WUS to control shoot apical meristem size.
The TREK K2P channel activity is dynamically regulated by protein kinase-dependent signaling pathways involved in the development of various human diseases. Here, the authors report how phosphorylation at the proximal C-terminus induces allosteric deactivation of the selectivity filter gate.
Antifungal azoles inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis, but how that leads to fungistatic or fungicidal activities in many pathogenic fungi is poorly understood. Here, Schuster, Kilaru & Steinberg show that azole lethality in the plant pathogens Zymoseptoria tritici and Magnaporthe oryzae is due to a combination of reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis and macroautophagy.
Here, the authors develop Pangaea, an assembler that uses short-reads with long-range connectivity to create high-quality microbial genomes affordably, showing it outperforms existing methods in generating more complete genomes from both mock and real metagenomic samples.
There is a lack of vaccines for prevention of human respirovirus 3 (RV3) infection. Bakkers et al. report the design of a stabilized RV3 preF protein vaccine candidate that induces strong neutralizing antibodies and protective responses in small animal models.
Biaryl compounds with an axial chirality are valuable architectures but few methods have been developed for the construction of bridged biaryls, a subclass of these compounds that bear a tether to connect the two arenes and form a medium-sized ring. Here, the authors design a Co/SPDO-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling/desymmetrization sequence of prochiral phenols for the enantioselective synthesis of biaxial bridged m-terphenyls embedded in an azocane.
The 2021 Pacific Northwest Heatwave challenged standard attribution methods. The authors use a weather model that predicted the event to quantify human impact on the heat, suggesting that such models could be used broadly to assess changing weather risk.
future requirements for intelligent wireless capsule endoscopy, providing a comparative evaluation of various methods’ merits and disadvantages, and highlighting recent developments in six technologies.
African swine fever virus is the sole mammalian-infecting virus encoding a type II topoisomerases (pP1192R). The authors present pP1192R structures in different states, illustrating the enzymatic mechanisms of viral type II topoisomerases.
A comprehensive understanding of the transient characteristics in solid oxide cells is crucial when integrated with intermittent renewable energy. Here, authors reveal expressions for two general characteristic times quantifying transient phenomena due to heat and mass transfer lags in SOCs.
Human HtrA2 plays an important part in the cellular protein quality control system. Here, advanced NMR spectroscopy unravels the initial activation steps of HtrA2 upon activating peptide binding and the mechanistic role of divalent cations.
The tuning properties of ventral stream neurons for object shape and category are not fully understood. Here the authors carry out multi-electrode array recordings in lateral occcipital complex and find that object properties are largely shape-based.
Frequent chromosome fusion and fission in oomycetes drive changes in chromosome number. Here, Zhang et al show that these dynamics facilitate the adaptive evolution of genes related to pathogenicity.