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Shigella, an important human pathogen, can secrete effector proteins to invade host cells and evade mechanisms of cell-autonomous immunity. In a new manuscript published in Nature Communications, Xian et al. report that the Shigella kinase effector OspG promotes the ubiquitination of septin cytoskeletal proteins to evade cage entrapment.
Previous studies of the skin have suggested a neutral-to-acidic pH gradient in the outermost layer. Here, the authors perform quantitative intravital pH imaging of the stratum corneum, the outermost epidermal layer, and demonstrate three distinct pH zones - rather than a gradient - with different biological functions.
Biosensing tools to detect multiple analytes in a high-throughput manner are still hindered by many limitations. Here, the authors present a label-free optofluidic platform integrating digital holography and microfluidics for analyte detection, allowing for the fingerprinting of heterogenous biological samples.
Microbial reduction of nitrous oxide to dinitrogen is considered negligible under acidic conditions. However, Guang He et al. show that a co-culture of two bacterial species derived from acidic tropical forest soil can reduce nitrous oxide at pH 4.5.
Application of Molybdenum alloys is hindered by reduced ductility at lower temperatures. Here, the author shows improved ductility in a Mo alloy with irregular-shaped rare-earth La2O3 nanoparticles achieved via rotary-swaging, attributed to the amorphization of the oxide-matrix interface.
The use of oncolytic viruses as a therapy for cancer is limited by mechanisms inhibiting viral replication in the tumor. Here, the authors show that a chemical derivative of itaconate, 4-octyl itaconate, increases oncolytic virus VSVΔ51 efficacy in various cancer models, through decreasing antiviral immunity.
Plasma proteins are a potential diagnostic tool to detect multiple diseases, including cancer. Here, the authors leverage multi-omics data to identify 1,463 proteins associated with 19 common cancers in UK Biobank participants. Reviewer Recognition:
Cibisatamab is a T-cell bispecific antibody targeting the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on tumor cells and CD3 epsilon chain on T cells. Here the authors report the results of two clinical trials of cibisatamab as monotherapy (NCT02324257) and in combination with atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1; NCT02650713) in patients with CEA-positive solid tumors.
Intranuclear actin contributes to nuclear structure. Inducing actin remodeling within the nucleus regulates chromatin accessibility, and is associated with phenotypic outcomes in mesenchymal stem cells. As such, dynamic actin remodeling may modulate gene expression.
Here the authors apply the Motif Activity on Pre-mRNA Processing (MAPP) tool to standard RNA sequencing data, thereby unravelling the co-regulation of splicing and polyadenylation by RNA-binding proteins and their dysregulation in cancer.
Probabilistic bits (p-bits) are the base units of probabilistic computing, a computing scheme offering a more efficient approach than conventional binary logic in various applications. Here, the authors report the realization of a p-bit core device by combining stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions and 2D MoS2 transistors on the same chip.
Hepatocytes dedifferentiate into progenitor-like cells in culture. Here, authors elucidate the dynamics and mechanisms of hepatocyte dedifferentiation and find an unexpected differentiation potential of hepatocytes into intestinal epithelial cells.
MAPK-driven tumorigenesis is often related to epithelial dedifferentiation but the regulatory mechanism is less clear. Here, the authors show that MAPK activation upregulates USP15 to promote deubiquitylation and stability of TBX3, a transcription factor implicated in thyroid development and differentiation, driving tumorigenesis in a BRAFV600E thyroid tumor model.
Viruses that infect bacteria shape microbial communities. Here, authors show that this may hold for bacteria isolated from the International Space Station, with spacefaring viruses correlated to host adaptation to the spaceflight environment.
In 2023, a highly pathogenic H5N1 virus caused an outbreak in mink. In the ferret model of influenza, the virus exhibits limited airborne transmissibility and high virulence. These findings indicate heightened pandemic potential of these viruses.
Here the authors determined several cryo-EM structures of the human Elongator complex, which modifies anticodons of tRNAs. The structural work is complemented by functional analyses to understand this clinically relevant cellular machine at the molecular level.
Efficient organic light-emitting diodes require a multilayer architecture to confine charge recombination to the emissive layer. Here, authors demonstrate efficient single-layer devices for emitters with imbalanced charge transport without the need of additional charge transport or blocking layers.
Endurance athletes and sedentary type 2 diabetes patients swapped their lifestyle for 8 weeks. Athletes store and utilise saturated fat intensely for performant physical activity, and type 2 diabetes patients reversed their dysmetabolic lipid state after endurance training.
It has been predicted that mobilization of resistance genes from plasmid to chromosome is selected by an antibiotic pressure. Here, authors discover an antiplasmid system promoting the chromosomal integration of the carbapenemase gene blaOXA-48.