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The metabolic enzyme GAPDH exhibits oxidative inactivation in response to H2O2. A proton relay system was identified that enhances H2O2 sensitivity of GAPDH distinct from its catalytic activity, which ensures viability under oxidative stress.
Although nonspecific chaperones such as GroEL can increase evolvability by helping slightly destabilized mutants, a dedicated assembly chaperone decreases evolvability of the CO2 fixation enzyme Rubisco, providing insights into Rubisco's poor catalytic power.
Desmosterol acts as an endogenous RORγ agonist during differentiation of CD4+ T cells into the TH17 lineage, where there is increased cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake and decreased cholesterol metabolism and efflux that cause accumulation of desmosterol.