Abstract
THE concept of an RNA world1,2 in the chemical origin of life is appealing, as nucleic acids are capable of both information storage and acting as templates that catalyse the synthesis of complementary molecules3. Template-directed synthesis has been demonstrated for homogeneous oligonucleotides that, like natural nucleic acids, have 3′,5′ linkages between the nucleotide monomers4–7. But it seems likely that prebiotic routes to RNA-like molecules would have produced heterogeneous molecules with various kinds of phosphodiester linkages and both linear and cyclic nucleotide chains. Here we show that such heterogeneity need be no obstacle to the templating of complementary molecules. Specifically, we show that heterogeneous oligocytidylates, formed by the montmorillonite clay-catalysed condensation of actuated monomers, can serve as templates for the synthesis of oligoguanylates. Furthermore, we show that oligocytidylates that are exclusively 2′,5′-linked can also direct synthesis of oligoguanylates. Such heterogeneous templating reactions could have increased the diversity of the pool of protonucleic acids from which life ultimately emerged.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Joyce, G. RNA evolution and the origins of life. Nature 338, 217–224 (1989).
The RNA World (eds Gesteland, R. F. & Atkins, J. F. (Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Press, Cold Spring Harbor, 1993).
Gilbert, W. Nature 319, 618 (1986).
Inoue, T. & Orgel, L. E. Science 219, 859–862 (1983).
Sievers, D. & von Kiedrowski, G. Nature 369, 221–224 (1994).
Li, T. & Nicolaou, K. C. Nature 369, 218–221 (1994).
Grzeskowiak, K. & Orgel, L. E. J. molec Evol. 23, 287–289 (1986).
Ferris, J. P. Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. 23, 307–315 (1993).
Ferris, J. P. & Ertem, G. Science 257, 1387–1389 (1992).
Ferris, J. P. & Ertem, G. Orig. Life Evol. Biopsh. 22, 369–381 (1992).
Ferris, J. P. & Ertem, G. Orig. Life Evol. Biopsh. 23, 229–241 (1993).
Ferris, J. P. & Ertem, G. J. Am. chem. Soc. 115, 12270–12275 (1993).
Kawamura, K. & Ferris, J. P. J. Am. chem. Soc. 116, 7564–7572 (1994).
Prabahar, K. J., Cole, T. D. & Ferris, J. P. J. Am. chem. Soc. 116, 10914–10920 (1994).
Inoue, T. & Orgel, L. E. J. Am. chem. Soc 103, 7666–7667 (1981).
Orgel, L. E. Nature 358, 203–209 (1992).
Hohn, T. H. & Schaller, H. Biochem. biophys. Acta 138, 466–473 (1967).
Sawai, H. J. Am. chem. Soc. 98, 7037–7039 (1976).
Sawai, H., Higa, H. & Kuroda, K. J. chem. Soc. Perkins Trans. / 505–508 (1992).
Lohrmann, R., Bridson, P. K. & Orgel, L. E. Science 208, 1464–1465 (1980).
Kierzek, R., He, L. & Turner, D. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 20, 1685–1690 (1992).
Jung, K.-E. & Switzer, C. J. Am. chem. Soc. 116, 6059–6061 (1994).
Dougherty, J. P., Rizzo, C. J. & Breslow, R. J. Am. chem. Soc. 114, 6254–6255 (1992).
Lohrmann, R. J. Molec. Evol. 18, 185–195 (1982).
Doudna, J. A., Usman, N. & Szostak, J. W. Biochemistry 32, 2111–2115 (1993).
Doudna, J. A., Couture, S. & Szostak, J. W. Science 251, 1605–1608 (1991).
Green, R. & Szostak, J. W. Science 258, 1910–1915 (1992).
Stribling, R. J. Chromatography 538, 474–479 (1991).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ertem, G., Ferris, J. Synthesis of RNA oligomers on heterogeneous templates. Nature 379, 238–240 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1038/379238a0
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/379238a0
This article is cited by
-
Relict Ocean Worlds: Ceres
Space Science Reviews (2020)
-
The role of sugar-backbone heterogeneity and chimeras in the simultaneous emergence of RNA and DNA
Nature Chemistry (2019)
-
Oligomerization of a Bimolecular Ribozyme Modestly Rescues its Structural Defects that Disturb Interdomain Assembly to Form the Catalytic Site
Journal of Molecular Evolution (2018)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.