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Galectin 8, a cytosolic lectin, is shown to function as a danger receptor that detects damaged vesicles and protects cells from bacterial infection by inducing autophagy.
Multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry is used to quantify protein turnover in animal stereocilia, showing that rapid turnover occurs only in stereocilia tips.
Two double-sun exoplanets have been discovered by the Kepler spacecraft, establishing a new class of ‘circumbinary’ exoplanets and suggesting that at least several million such systems exist in our Galaxy.
A statistical analysis of microlensing data from 2002–07 reveals that stars in the Milky Way are orbited by planets as a rule, rather than an exception.
The central region of the supernova remnant SNR 0509−67.5 in the Large Magellanic Cloud is shown to contain no ex-companion star, which suggests it was formed by an explosion resulting from the merger of two white dwarf stars.
The sequencing of AML genomes of eight patients before and after relapse reveals two major patterns of clonal evolution, with chemotherapy appearing to have a role in both patterns.
Numerical modelling of the rheology of MgO at the pressure, temperature and strain rates of Earth's mantle shows that extremely low strain rates counteract the influence of pressure, so that MgO is generally a very weak phase in the mantle.
Rather than turning off the biological response, desensitization of the cysteinyl leukotriene type I receptor sustains long-term signalling in the immune system.
The function of the KCNH family of potassium channels is critical for the repolarization of the cardiac action potential and the regulation of neuronal excitability; here, the X-ray crystal structure of the cyclic-nuclotide-binding homology domain of the zebrafish ELK channel is reported.
Temporal cloaking hides an event in time from being detected; here this is achieved by speeding up one end of a probe beam and slowing down the other to create a ‘time hole’ and to close it afterwards so that the signal amplitude of an event is much reduced.
Simulations reproduce previously unexplained features of Titan’s methane cycle, attributing them to atmospheric instabilities and cold-trapping of methane in the polar regions.
FBXO11 is identified as the F-box protein that normally targets BCL6 for degradation, and FBXO11 deletions or mutations that prevent this function and thus stabilize BCL6 are found in B-cell lymphomas.
Comparison of real lizards with a robotic version and a dinosaur model shows that lizards use their tails to control body pitch in aerial motion by means of transfer of angular momentum from the body to the tail.
Genome-wide mapping of oestrogen receptor-α binding sites in primary breast cancer tissues shows that oestrogen receptor binding is dynamically regulated and that the expression of genes near differentially bound regulatory regions is associated with clinical outcome.
Molecular chirality can be used to control interfacial tension in multi-component mixtures of chiral molecules, and tuning the chirality makes it possible to produce and manipulate self-assembling complex chiral structures.