Essay in 2004

Consciousness should be ascribed to animals only with extreme caution.

Neuroprotection requires a paradigm shift in drug development.

A new ‘cell theory’ is needed to explain complex intercellular connections.

Do inhibitors of blood-vessel growth found naturally in our bodies defend most of us against progression of cancer to a lethal stage?

The fossil record, together with modern data, can provide a deeper understanding of biological extinction and its consequences.

The emergent properties of complex systems are far removed from the traditional preoccupation of engineers with design and purpose.