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Initialized climate predictions offer distinct benefits for multiple stakeholders. This Review discusses initialized prediction on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S), seasonal to interannual (S2I) and seasonal to decadal (S2D) timescales, highlighting potential for skilful predictions in the years to come.
Successful discovery and operation of geothermal resources requires a thorough understanding of the heterogeneous geological subsurface. This Review discusses the key geological factors that contribute to the effective exploration of intermediate-temperature to high-temperature geothermal resources used for power generation and direct use applications.
Submarine groundwater discharge transports nutrients from terrestrial to marine systems, but is often ignored in coastal biogeochemistry. In this Review, the fluxes, impacts and management implications of this discharge are examined and compared with riverine fluxes globally.
The discovery of slow earthquakes transformed the understanding of how tectonic plate motions are accommodated; however, the mechanics of slow earthquakes remain enigmatic. This Review synthesizes geological observations of ancient deformation structures that likely hosted slow earthquakes and discusses the insights into the mechanics of fault slip.
A study in the Journal of Hydrology explores the connections between climate conditions, intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams across four countries.
Mercury, a semi-volatile and globally abundant pollutant, is transported through the atmosphere and taken up by vegetation. This Review discusses the mechanisms of vegetation mercury uptake and the role of vegetation in the mercury cycle, highlighting its importance for redistribution in the terrestrial environment and influence on atmospheric mercury concentrations and deposition to oceans.
The 2011 Mw 9.1 earthquake and tsunami caused incomprehensible damage along the northeast coast of Japan. This Snapshot discusses the measures that have been put in place over the past 10 years to mitigate hazards of a future tsunami disaster.
Estimates of global dryland changes are often conflicting. This Review discusses and quantifies observed and projected aridity changes, revealing divergent responses between atmospheric and ecohydrological metrics that can be explained by plant physiological responses to elevated CO2.
Mountain building involves complex and debated feedback cycles between both permanent tectonic and transient seismic processes. This Review discusses how the fault architecture and tectonic segmentation of the Himalaya influence the seismic cycle, which in turn impacts the long-term growth of the mountain range.
Persistent organic pollutants are transported globally, but there is evidence that forests act as a filter by sequestering these pollutants. This Review examines the role of forests in persistent organic pollutant cycling, including their storage in foliage and soil, and the impacts of global change.
An article in Nature Communications reports a high-temperature melting curve of MgSiO3 at pressures > 245 GPa, with implications for mantle melting during the formation of rocky planets
Ophiolites, segments of oceanic lithosphere emplaced onto continental crust, are thought to form in the shallow mantle, but the discovery of ultra-high-pressure minerals in ophiolites has sparked debate over their formation mechanisms. This Review examines how these mantle components can record the tectonic history and deep mantle formation of ophiolites.
An article in Environmental Research Letters documents how emissions from wetlands in East Africa influenced atmospheric methane growth rates in 2018 and 2019.
