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The Indian Ocean has undergone substantial heat and freshwater changes. This Review uses various data sources to examine the causes of contemporary and longer-term hydrological changes, revealing that trends over the twentieth century are linked to anthropogenic forcing, but that those since 1980 are related to the Interdecadal Pacific oscillation.
The residence time of atmospheric water vapour has important implications for understanding hydrological processes. This Review discusses the general characteristics and changes in water vapour residence time, indicating 3–6% K−1 projected increases with warming.
An article in Nature Geoscience reveals that sedimentary carbon from the Indus Fan was subducted into the Makran Trench and efficiently returned to the near-surface within ~27 million years or less.
The magmatic processes required to form economic-grade porphyry Cu deposits are still poorly understood. This Review discusses the magmatic, redox and hydrothermal processes required for porphyry ore formation, revealing that both crustal thickness and depth of ore body emplacement can influence metal endowment.
Marine dissolved organic matter can persist for millennia, but the reasons for this phenomenon are unknown. This Perspective describes and compares two concepts — intrinsic and emergent recalcitrance — explaining marine organic matter persistence.
Anticipating the timing, style and size of volcanic eruptions is essential for hazard mitigation. This Review discusses the accumulation and evolution of magma storage regions, the processes that trigger magma reservoir failure and the ascent of magma through the crust.
Degradation of soil organic carbon is expected to accelerate with increasing global temperatures, but the magnitude of change is controversial. This Perspective discusses evidence supporting a large loss of soil organic carbon and its broader significance.
Visibility is important, but to be truly inclusive, we need to create strong, resilient, and intersectional geoscience communities that confront the violence from both within and outside of academia, argues Rob Ulrich.
For Pride month, we celebrate our LGBTQ+ colleagues, recognise the challenges they face in traversing academia and the role the majority must play in fighting injustice.
Coming out means becoming human, to share common struggles, to become vulnerable. In this space, fear of rejection about sexual identity dissipates into “I am” but human, and it can start as simply as with a conversation with someone you like and trust, states Jef Caers.
