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Ketogenesis is critical for survival during the neonatal and perinatal periods. Arima et al. determine that hepatic ketogenesis prevents hyperacetylation of mitochondrial proteins and disruption of mitochondrial energetics.
Increasing compositional uniqueness of the gut microbiome, and corresponding changes in microbial metabolites in the blood, are identified as a signature of healthy ageing in humans.
GLP-1 is an incretin hormone and neuromodulator produced by gut enterocytes and CNS neurons. Brierley et al. find that GLP-1 from peripheral and central sources acts independently through distinct gut–brain circuits to suppress eating.
SARS-CoV-2 is shown to infect and replicate in human pancreatic tissue, including in β-cells, which is associated with morphological, transcriptomic and functional changes.
Xu et al. show that liver ATF3 expression is inhibited by hydrocortisone, thus promoting the development of atherosclerosis through effects on HDL cholesterol and bile acid metabolism.
Creatine availability is known to affect creatine-driven thermogenesis in mice. Here Connell et al. report data from a clinical trial in which daily creatine supplementation, perhaps surprisingly, did not alter thermogenesis in adults with otherwise low dietary creatine intake.
Previously, liver zonation was analysed statically, and liver chronobiology was analysed at the tissue level. Using single-cell RNA-seq and single-molecule FISH, Droin et al. study the interplay between liver gene regulation in space and time at the sub-lobular scale.
The localization of long non-coding RNAs plays a vital role in regulating cellular processes. In addition to compiling a database of organelle-associated lncRNAs, Sang et al. identify a role for the lncRNA GAS5 in regulating tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes during nutrient stress.