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This rapid realist review of universal interventions to promote inclusivity and acceptance of diverse sexual and gender identities in schools finds that interventions appear to work best when school staff are trained and the school climate is supportive. Interventions may be less effective for boys, gender minority students and bisexual students.
Holt and Vinopal use nationally representative data from the American Time Use Survey to find that low-income people are more likely to wait, and to wait longer, when using basic services relative to high-income people.
How accurate are social scientists in predicting societal change, and what processes underlie their predictions? Grossmann et al. report the findings of two forecasting tournaments. Social scientists’ forecasts were on average no more accurate than those of simple statistical models.
This meta-analysis of 42 studies finds that learning progress has slowed during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, particularly among children from low socio-economic backgrounds and in poorer countries. Reported learning deficits were larger in maths than in reading.
During the Last Ice Age, Neanderthals used a small cave in the Iberian Peninsula to accumulate the crania of large ungulates (bison, aurochs, red deer and rhinoceroses), some associated with small hearths. This seems to have been a symbolic practice.
The authors use large-scale data on urban productivity, innovation and social connectivity, as well as extensive mathematical modelling, and show that power-law urban scaling laws arise out of urban inequalities.
Leveraging multiple datasets (surveys, web search trends and mobility), Huang et al. document how anti-Chinese rhetoric led to blame sentiment and consumer discrimination against Asian American businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The authors introduce a deep learning framework to reproduce sequences of response times and use it to provide evidence for a stability–flexibility trade-off underlying task-switching costs.
Lockdowns may help control disease, but also come with potential costs. Domestic violence complaints in India increased in districts with the strictest lockdown rules, and remained higher 1 year later, even after restrictions were loosened.
Using longitudinal and repeated cross-sectional data, Danielsen et al. find no indication that the proportion of Danish young adults with self-injury, suicidality or eating disorder symptoms increased during lockdown.
Using publication and editorial team composition records from more than 1,000 journals, Liu and coauthors uncover pervasive gender inequalities among academic editors. Only 8% of editors-in-chief are women. Nearly 6% of editors publish one-third of all their papers in the journal they edit, and this self-publication pattern is stronger among men editors.
A mapping between emotions and speech prosody is commonly assumed. This study shows, using Bayesian modelling, that differences across individuals, cultures and sexes contribute more to the model prediction than a shared global mapping.
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, Setti et al. show that the superior temporal cortex is synchronized across auditory and visual presentation of the same narrative, even in sensory-deprived individuals who lack any audiovisual experience.
A campaign-level field experiment shows how digital advertising may have affected differential turnout in the 2020 US presidential election, particularly among early voters.
Standard decision models assume that all options' values are encoded on a common scale by a unique representation system. Across nine experiments, Garcia et al. provide evidence that challenges this assumption: participants treat experiential and symbolic options asymmetrically.