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Early James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) results suggest a high level of star formation in the first 500 million years of the Universe. A study of the available mass from dark matter haloes shows that unexpectedly high-mass JWST galaxy candidates may challenge the prevailing cosmological model.
Kosec et al. analyse X-ray spectroscopic observations of outflowing hot material from an accreting neutron star. An innovative technique reveals the vertical distribution of the outflow structure, which is challenging to measure otherwise.
Rare early optical observations that captured the prompt-to-afterglow emission of GRB 201223A demonstrate that it behaved according to the fireball model of gamma-ray bursts.
X-ray polarization measurements of the Crab nebula and pulsar by the IXPE satellite reveal a global toroidal magnetic field with large variations in local polarization, suggesting a more complex turbulence distribution than anticipated.
A laboratory experiment replicates the braided strand nature of solar coronal loops, revealing a potential mechanism for generating energetic particles and X-ray bursts from the Sun.
As part of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES), NIRSpec has spectroscopically confirmed four young and metal-poor galaxies at redshift 10.3–13.2, from an early epoch of galaxy formation.
The JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey using NIRCam to find the earliest galaxies reveals the size and star formation rates of four extreme redshift (z > 10) galaxies of the distant Universe.
The red dwarf star YZ Ceti produced two observed bursts of radio waves that may have been caused by the star interacting magnetically with a nearby Earth-like planet, as the radio bursts occur at similar points in the planet’s two-day orbit.
A diffusion model of Jupiter’s troposphere with updated thermochemistry can explain the upper tropospheric CO observations if the deep oxygen abundance is subsolar. Alternatively, to reproduce Juno’s supersolar deep oxygen abundances, a deep layer of reduced vertical mixing is necessary.
Magnetars are potential sources of fast radio bursts, but are the magnetars that may be created following a binary neutron star merger fast radio burst source? This study of the coincidence between FRB 20190425A and a gravitational wave event finds a weak association.
The unusual radar properties of icy satellites appear to be correlated and distributed along a spectrum of values. Only modelling including the coherent backscatter opposition effect can reproduce this behaviour.
The returned samples from Hayabusa2 show that C-type asteroid Ryugu experienced various steps of mineralogical alteration within only 1–2 million years after accretion.
Models for night sky brightness are used to characterize sites for astronomical observatories, but in the presence of artificial light pollution, certain assumptions regarding aerosol shapes mean that the estimates are systematically underestimated, particularly at low altitudes.
The brightness at the tip of the red giant branch in the Magellanic Clouds sets the scale of the Universe and has been debated. Here a number of samples are drawn from across the Clouds and composited, providing sub-per-cent level agreement and measurements consistent with independent geometric constraints.
A nested orbit-to-ground approach for microbial landscape patterns at different scales, tested in the high Andes, provides a machine learning-based search tool for detecting biosignatures on terrestrial planets.
Laboratory measurements reveal highly efficient formation of H2 at temperatures up to 250 K on a carbonaceous surface. This process should lead to a high rate of H2 formation on the surfaces of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in both nearby and high-redshift galaxies, bolstering the contribution of H2 to the cooling of warmer gas.
A four-arm spiral pattern in the accretion disk around an accreting high-mass protostar has been resolved using VLBI observations of methanol masers. These observations provide evidence for a link between disk accretion, disk instability and episodic growth of a protostar.
The large, low-albedo asteroids in the main belt between 3.0 au and 3.4 au share spectral characteristics and history with Ceres. Accreted in different parts of the outer Solar System, they might have been implanted into the main belt by the dynamic upheaval created by the giant planets’ instability.
Mapping the 158 μm line of ionized carbon within the Cygnus region with the SOFIA observatory provides evidence for dynamic interactions between molecular clouds and their atomic envelopes, which trace out the assembly process of cloud complexes.
Hydrocarbons containing five-membered rings have recently been detected in the cold Taurus Molecular Cloud. Here the authors show that the reaction involving ortho-benzyne and the methyl radical plays a critical role in the bottom-up formation of these complex hydrocarbons.