GI Motility Online

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From the following article

Head and neck disorders affecting swallowing

Timothy M. McCulloch and Debra Jaffe

GI Motility online (2006)

doi:10.1038/gimo36

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Figure 1 - Unfortunately we are unable to provide accessible alternative text for this. If you require assistance to access this image, or to obtain a text description, please contact npg@nature.com

Figure 1

Laryngeal clefts classification.

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Figure 2

Mechanism of epiglottic downfolding.

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Figure 3

Pharyngeal lye injection.

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Figure 4

Radial artery forearm free flap reconstruction of cervical esophagus.

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Figure 5

Transoral laser assisted cricopharyngeal myotomy.

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Figure 6

Tongue reconstruction with radial forearm free flap.

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Figure 7

Pharyngeal closure with pectoralis major skin and muscle flap.

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Figure 8

Barium swallow study after cranial nerve injury (IX, X, and XII) with asymmetric hyoid elevation.

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Figure 9

Open laryngoplasty to medialize a paralyzed vocal cord.

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Figure 10

Invasive thyroid cancer.

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Figure 11

Laryngopharyngeal candidiasis with characteristic plaques.

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Table 1

Major categories of head and neck disorders causing dysphagia

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Table 2

Swallowing dysfunctions due to congenital anatomic abnormalities

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Table 3

Infectious causes of oropharyngeal dysphagia

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Table 4

Medications associated with dysphagia

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