Table 4 - Medications associated with dysphagia
From the following article
Head and neck disorders affecting swallowing
Timothy M. McCulloch and Debra Jaffe
GI Motility online (2006)
doi:10.1038/gimo36
| Antibiotics |
| Anticholinergic medications and medications with anticholinergic side effects |
| Antispasmodics (atropine, benztropine) |
| Scopolamine |
| Diuretics (furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide) |
| Opiates |
| Antipsychotics (mesoridazine, clozapine, perphenazine, thioridazine) |
| Antiparkinsonian (amantadine, benztropine, biperiden, trihexyphenidy) |
| Antidepressants (amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, imipramine, nortriptyline, protriptyline |
| Antihistamines (chlorpheniramine, cyproheptadine, dexchlorpheniramine, hydroxyzine, clemastine, diphenhydramine) |
| Second-generation antihistamines (cetirizine, fexofenadine, loratadine) |
| Antiulcer medications (cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine) |
| Cardiovascular medications (captopril, digoxin, dipyridamole, isosorbide dinitrate,) |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors |
| Antipsychotics |
| Local anesthetic agents |
| Botulinum toxin type A |
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