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Wollburg et al. use high frequency phone surveys in six African countries to investigate COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, uptake, and barriers to delivery. Vaccine acceptance is high but variable across countries, with poor access to vaccines at a local level contributing to the rates of unvaccinated individuals.
Ahluwalia et al. report findings from a multicenter phase II clinical trial of TRC105, a chimeric IgG1 endoglin-directed antibody, given with and without bevacizumab, in bevacizumab-refractory glioblastoma. TRC105 administration resulted in increased circulating VEGF-A and combined with bevacizumab resulted in a median survival of 5.7 months.
Åberg et al. assess the predictive performance of obesity measures, including waist-hip ratio, waist circumference, and BMI, for liver-related outcomes in participants of Finnish health surveys. They find that the waist-hip ratio is a better predictor for liver-related outcomes than other measures and synergizes with harmful alcohol use.
Schilling et al. devise a large-scale decentralized cohort to study the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in India. Preliminary findings support the use of digital technology to enable health research studies and highlight some improvement opportunities for further expansion of the cohort.
Alpuche-Lazcano et al. produce virus-like particles (VLPs) by the sole expression of the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. Administration of adjuvanted VLPs to mice and hamsters induces the production of neutralizing antibodies, providing effective protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Hou, Lai et al. estimate the impact of reports regarding a childhood vaccine with compromised efficacy on subsequent vaccination behaviors. The administration of the reported vaccine was delayed, while there was minimal effect on other vaccinations.
Chamanzar et al. demonstrate the feasibility of using an automated algorithm to non-invasively detect spreading depolarizations in patients with severe traumatic brain injuries. With further testing, the algorithm could be a useful tool in the prognostication of worsening brain injuries, enabling clinicians to tailor treatments.
Kulvicius, Zhang et al. propose a non-invasive approach to classify infant movements using a pressure sensing device. Applying neural network architectures to pressure sensing data enables large-scale motion data acquisition and analysis.
Mimura et al. report findings from a single arm, phase I/II study of combined radiation and anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with advanced or recurrent gastric cancer. Combination therapy achieves a disease control rate of 22.5% for non-irradiated lesions via an abscopal effect, or 40% for irradiated lesions, and a median survival time of 230 days.
Tchesnokova et al. investigate Escherichia coli that are not susceptible to fluoroquinolones within fecal samples collected in 2015 and 2021 from women aged over 50. Despite reduced fluoroquinolone prescriptions during that time, increases are seen in gut carriage of fluoroquinolone-resistant uropathogenic E. coli.
Yurchenko et al. describe a series of young xeroderma pigmentosum group C patients with early-onset gynecological tumors. DICER1 mutations are seen in all tumors, along with increased mutagenesis and a mutational profile characteristic of nucleotide excision repair deficiency.
Schmidt et al. develop and test a platform for the delivery of stereotactic radiotherapy to mouse models. The authors identify maximum tolerated doses for radiation delivered to the mouse lower abdomen and pelvis, and show that while ablative radiotherapy improves survival, it does not cure autochthonous prostate and colorectal tumor models.
Zhong, Danielsson et al. longitudinally profile the serum proteome in a cohort of extremely preterm infants. They identify a postnatal time-dependent stereotypic pattern of development in the blood proteome from premature birth to term-equivalent age.
Gagliardi, Rodriguez-Vieitez et al. image brain microstructural changes over time in cognitively-normal older adults. Cortical mean diffusivity was associated with accumulation of tau and episodic memory decline in those with amyloid deposits.
Zhang, Zhou et al. correlate birth weight and childhood body size with later development of chronic diseases and multimorbidity. Using data from the UK Biobank they show low or high birth weight and a body size in childhood that differs from the average associate with higher risks of developing multimorbidity and many chronic conditions in late life.
Li et al. use text descriptions of acute changes in chemosensation to develop a machine learning model to predict whether an individual is infected with SARS-CoV-2. The Natural Language Processing based Large Language Model correctly predicts SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Lim et al. provide a systematic review of the race/ethnicity representation in USA based neuroimaging studies of those with Alzheimer’s Disease. Whilst sample diversity has increased in recent years, minoritized groups in the USA remain underrepresented and more transparent reporting of race/ethnicity data is needed.
Sun et al. investigate SARS-CoV-2 household transmission in a cohort in Costa Rica assessing behavioral factors and preventive measures. They show that behavioral factors are significant drivers of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the household setting.
Murray et al. conduct a systematic review, meta-analysis and modelling study to estimate the numbers of adverse perinatal outcomes attributable to HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa from 1990 to 2020. They find that large numbers of adverse outcomes are attributable to HIV/ART, increasingly amongst women receiving preconception ART.
Azevedo et al. conduct a machine learning-based analysis of structural MRI data from multiple cohorts. The authors identify Alzheimer’s disease-like neuroimaging phenotypes associated with poorer cognitive performance in a healthy UK Biobank cohort, potentially highlighting a population at risk of Alzheimer’s disease.