Research articles

Warming in the Gulf of Maine, western North Atlantic, since the late 1800s reversed a 900-year cooling trend, likely as a result of increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases, according to ocean temperature and water mass reconstructions from bivalves and climate model simulations.

Students who completed the online version of an introductory course on climate change performed 2% worse than those who completed the in-person version, according to a study of 1790 undergraduate students in California, USA.

Rainfall in subtropical Australia and sea salt deposited in snowfall at the Law Dome ice core site in East Antarctica are linked through a synoptic weather pattern that bridges the two regions, according to a synoptic typing data analysis.

Small-scale inland and coastal fisheries improve physical and economic access to food for communities in Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda, according to analyses of nationally representative data.

Variations in winter sea ice concentrations in the Barents-Kara seas have been linked with extreme heat events over Eurasia in following spring over the past two decades, suggest statistical analyses of observational data.

Colonization by vegetation governs variability in carbon accumulation rates in salt marshes, suggesting that accelerating sea level rise will enhance their carbon sequestration through landward expansion, according to carbon analysis and dating of cores from seven marshes in North Carolina

International trade affects polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions and their health impacts attributed to different stages of global supply chains, according to a framework of emission inventories and numerical models.

Microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane may not substantially mitigate projected warming-induced emissions of methane from marine hydrate-bearing sediments, according to a coupled hydraulic-thermodynamic-geomechanical hydrate model.

Geomorphology affects the lava extrusions and hazard directivity of dome-structure volcanoes, according to analog and numerical experiments and remote sensing photogrammetric observations of the spine-extrusion event at Shiveluch volcano, Kamchatka, 2020.

The Ediacaran-age Doushantuo Formation, which hosts some of the oldest animal fossils, was likely deposited in a restricted, mildly evaporitic lagoon environment, according to petrographic analyses of saponite clays that suggest an authigenic origin.

The mass imbalance of felsic crust in the India-Asia collision system can be explained by metamorphic densification of continental crust below 170 km depth, which would also help drive and maintain subduction, according to petrological-thermo-mechanical modeling.

Tropical cyclone precipitation on the US Gulf Coast is greatly influenced by the behavior of the North Atlantic subtropical high and volcanic eruptions as well as by Atlantic Multidecadal Variability, suggests a 473-year-long tree-ring proxy record.

Long term variability in temperature and wind patterns impacts diatom populations in the Northeast Atlantic, with warming leading to increased abundance in cold oceanic regions and decreased abundance in warm regions, according to an analysis of 60-years of continuous plankton recorder observations.

Following the latest Permian extinction, nutrient availability from enhanced continental weathering enabled biological recovery in the ocean, according to K-Ar dating of clay minerals and nitrogen isotope analyses from high northern latitudes.

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels induce vegetation physiological responses that amplify local warming through reductions in evapotranspiration according to factorial analyses of radiative and physiological effects in Earth system models.

A process-based carbon isotope biogeochemistry model substantially reduces uncertainty in regional and global estimates of the stable carbon isotopic composition of methane emissions from wetlands and suggests rising atmospheric concentrations are due to increased microbial emissions.

Marine gastropod shells have thickened over the past 130 years on the southern North Sea coast as local environmental conditions counteracted global ocean acidification, suggest analyses of a 130-year record of dog whelk morphology.

Localized very high pressure mineral assemblages can be explained by local pressure gradients up to an order of magnitude greater than lithostatic pressure, according to a numerical visco-elasto-plastic model of fluid-induced mechanical weakening

The increase in mass eruption rate due to the presence of volatiles in explosive basaltic eruptions is greatly dependent on the type of volatile, according to numerical modelling. CO₂ has a very limited effect unless injected from an external source.

The accumulation and storage of nitrate by diatoms can contribute up to 1% of total pelagic nitrate and as much as 95% of total benthic nitrate, which indicates a potentially important contribution of diatoms to benthic nitrogen cycling, according to a global analysis