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Carbon dioxide concentrations and ocean acidification in the subtropical surface Atlantic Ocean increased fastest during the two decades of weakest atmospheric carbon dioxide level increases, according to an analysis of observations at two open-ocean hydrographic stations.
Grasslands and forests respond differently to changes in rainfall variability in a changing climate, which could affect the terrestrial carbon sink, suggests this statistical analysis of rainfall responses in five biomes.
Small icebergs comprise a significant fraction of icebergs in Greenland fjords and have fallen below the detection and resolution limit of earlier satellite data, suggest analyses of high-resolution imagery with deep neural networks.
The number of landfalling tropical cyclones in South China can be predicted a year in advance using subsurface ocean temperatures in the Pacific Warm Pool region, according to analyses of observations and a predictive model.
Empirical bias corrections in climate models based on historical data improve future projections of climate change, even in strong change over 100 years, suggest experiments with three climate models.
The Beaufort Sea was nearly ice-free during the transition from the last deglacial to the Holocene, a period in which two episodes of high sediment flux suggest major glacial flood events, according to high-resolution multi-proxy biomarker records.
Sea surface temperature anomalies in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans can help predict water shortages in the Colorado River basin, according to analyses of decadal climate predictions and observations.
Active overturning in the Nordic seas and strong Atlantic circulation coincided with enhanced glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere after 2.7 Ma, according to a multi-proxy investigation of cores from the IODP site U1314.
Antarctic warming and the rise of atmospheric CO2 levels during Heinrich Stadial 4 were amplified by enhanced convection and air-sea gas and heat exchange in the Southern Ocean, according to an analysis of deep water ventilation and temperature proxies
Arsenic-consuming microbes of the hypersaline Laguna La Brava in Chile may be an analogue for early life during the anoxic conditions of the Archean, according to geochemical and metagenomic analyses of the extant microbial mats
The 2019/2020 Australian wildfires generated a smoke cloud that organized itself into a persistent vortex structure and ascended to 35 km altitude through solar heating, according to satellite tracking.
Over the past 40 years, precipitation extremes have become more important for delivering N to the Gulf of Mexico, according to simulations with a hydro-ecological model. This is likely to diminish the effectiveness of alternative N use practices
The 2019 Le Teil earthquake in Southern France may have been triggered by the stress change from 180 years of mass removal at a nearby cement quarry, according to satellite-based observations and seismological analyses of the rupture parameters
Exceptionally wet growing seasons, compared to the past 700 years, preceded the European Great Famine of 1315-1317 and are associated with a newly identified hydroclimate pattern, according to analyses of Europe-wide tree ring data.
Organized convective systems that last 24 hours or longer account for a large proportion of days with extreme precipitation in the tropics, according to an analysis of satellite observations.
Rewetting agricultural peatlands first is the best strategy for reducing cumulative nitrous oxide emissions from European peatlands, according to an analysis of soil bulk density as a proxy for peat degradation.
Regrowth of the Bezymianny volcano, Kamchatka developed from dispersed domes to a focussed stratocone due to loading changes beneath the edifice over the course of seven decades, according to photogrammetric observations throughout the period.
The Pacific ocean response to low-latitude volcanic eruptions depends on ENSO phase, eruption magnitude and stochastic effects, suggests a grand ensemble of climate model simulations.
Future availability of metals is likely to be constrained primarily by environmental, social and governance factors, according to an analysis of reserve, resource and production figures which show that supply has matched demand over the last 60 years
In regions with deep convection, persistent large-scale dynamics and complex orography, hourly rainfall extremes diverge from expectations from the atmosphere’s water holding capacity, suggests a global analysis of station data, reanalyses and convection-permitting models.