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Antarctic warming and the rise of atmospheric CO2 levels during Heinrich Stadial 4 were amplified by enhanced convection and air-sea gas and heat exchange in the Southern Ocean, according to an analysis of deep water ventilation and temperature proxies
Arsenic-consuming microbes of the hypersaline Laguna La Brava in Chile may be an analogue for early life during the anoxic conditions of the Archean, according to geochemical and metagenomic analyses of the extant microbial mats
The 2019/2020 Australian wildfires generated a smoke cloud that organized itself into a persistent vortex structure and ascended to 35 km altitude through solar heating, according to satellite tracking.
Over the past 40 years, precipitation extremes have become more important for delivering N to the Gulf of Mexico, according to simulations with a hydro-ecological model. This is likely to diminish the effectiveness of alternative N use practices
The 2019 Le Teil earthquake in Southern France may have been triggered by the stress change from 180 years of mass removal at a nearby cement quarry, according to satellite-based observations and seismological analyses of the rupture parameters
Exceptionally wet growing seasons, compared to the past 700 years, preceded the European Great Famine of 1315-1317 and are associated with a newly identified hydroclimate pattern, according to analyses of Europe-wide tree ring data.
Organized convective systems that last 24 hours or longer account for a large proportion of days with extreme precipitation in the tropics, according to an analysis of satellite observations.
Rewetting agricultural peatlands first is the best strategy for reducing cumulative nitrous oxide emissions from European peatlands, according to an analysis of soil bulk density as a proxy for peat degradation.
Regrowth of the Bezymianny volcano, Kamchatka developed from dispersed domes to a focussed stratocone due to loading changes beneath the edifice over the course of seven decades, according to photogrammetric observations throughout the period.
The Pacific ocean response to low-latitude volcanic eruptions depends on ENSO phase, eruption magnitude and stochastic effects, suggests a grand ensemble of climate model simulations.
Future availability of metals is likely to be constrained primarily by environmental, social and governance factors, according to an analysis of reserve, resource and production figures which show that supply has matched demand over the last 60 years
In regions with deep convection, persistent large-scale dynamics and complex orography, hourly rainfall extremes diverge from expectations from the atmosphere’s water holding capacity, suggests a global analysis of station data, reanalyses and convection-permitting models.
The 2019 Le Teil earthquake in southern France reactivated an existing fault and ruptured the surface, according to field, seismic and InSAR observations. The incredibly shallow hypocenter can explain the effects of the moderate Mw 4.9 event.
Mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet returned to record levels in 2019, following unusually small loss in 2017-18, according to an analysis of satellite data from GRACE and its follow-on mission GRACE-FO.
Sea level variability will increase by up to 10% globally on seasonal-to-interannual timescales for future upper-ocean warming of about 2 °C, because thermal expansion accelerates at higher temperatures, suggest analyses of climate model simulations.
To retain women in geoscience careers, exposure to role models, training on network growth and introduction to mentors in combination improve outcomes for undergraduates, according to a randomized intervention experiment.
Glacier retreat is the main process behind Greenland Ice Sheet dynamic mass loss over the past three decades, according to an analysis of discharge variability and calving front positions.
The chiral compositions of biogenic volatile organic compounds over the Amazon tropical rainforest vary with height, time of day and season, according to measurements from a 325 m tall tower.
Interstadial North Atlantic warming during the last glacial period involved the operation of both fast and slow components of the coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea-ice system, according to analyses from the Portuguese Margin and climate model simulations.
Earthquake-induced sintering of fault rocks may enhance fault healing processes in the period immediately after seismic slip, according to observations of natural and experimental samples.