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Emotion regulation refers to an individual’s ability to evaluate and manage their experience and expression of emotions. The ability to do this effectively is key to psychological wellbeing and social competence, influencing a person’s life in many domains. Emotion regulation develops over the course of infancy and childhood and might undergo considerable change in adolescence and young adulthood. Emotion regulation difficulties, also known as emotion dysregulation, are often linked to several mental health conditions including anxiety and depression, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and personality disorders. The development of individual strategies and interventions to help regulate emotions are critical for improving emotion regulation. This Collection welcomes original research articles from Psychology, Psychiatry, and Neuroscience investigating the cognitive and neural processes underlying emotion regulation and dysregulation, as well as new developments in assessment and treatment strategies for emotion dysregulation.