Protein condensates

In the last decade, protein condensation at both cellular and extracellular sites has emerged as a captivating research field. This heightened interest is fuelled by inspiring discoveries surrounding diverse protein condensate states and their crucial roles in physiological and pathological processes. Although a consensus definition is still lacking, the general protein condensate states are recognized as liquid-liquid phase separation, gel-like assembly, and solid assembly. These protein condensates present functional significance as membraneless organelles that compartmentalize cells. The dynamic nature of protein condensates, characterized by rapid assembly and disassembly, renders the resulting compartmentalized cells favourable for efficient and spatiotemporally regulated biochemical processes. However, when the assembly processes of protein condensates are poorly controlled, abnormal cellular responses can occur. Dysregulation in protein condensate formation and dissolution has been implicated in various diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and cellular functions of protein condensates is vital for elucidating their implications in health and disease.

This themed Collection aims to bring together research articles on unravelling the intricate mechanisms and roles of different protein condensates, developing novel tools to characterize their formation and dynamics, and exploring how aberrant condensate formation can impact pathological conditions.