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Minimal residual disease, also referred to as measurable residual disease or MRD, is the term used to describe cancerous cells that remain in patients following cancer treatment. MRD cells can be unresponsive or resistant to the therapy and, therefore, monitoring for their presence assists physicians in determining treatment efficacy and predicting the probability of disease relapse. MRD detection is performed by a variety of methods, including flow cytometry, qPCR and next generation sequencing. This Collection welcomes submissions focussing on developments in MRD detection methodology including RNA, DNA and cellular diagnostics; epidemiological studies investigating MRD; and research focussed towards the identification of novel MRD biomarkers.