HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CRANIAL NERVE XII)

The cover images in volume 211 of the Journal depict the 12 cranial nerves, showing both their origin in the brain and the areas that they innervate. This issue’s cover features the hypoglossal nerve, which provides motor innervation to the tongue and glossal muscles, with the exception of the palatoglossus.

Illustrated in watercolour by Joanna Culley BA (Hons) MMAA RMIP, Medical and Scientific Artist

www.medical-artist.com

Tel: +44 (0)203 287 7202

ACCESSORY NERVE (CRANIAL NERVE XI)

The cover images in volume 211 of the Journal depict the 12 cranial nerves, showing both their origin in the brain and the areas that they innervate. This issue’s cover features the accessory nerve, which controls the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.

Illustrated in watercolour by Joanna Culley BA (Hons) MMAA RMIP, Medical and Scientific Artist

www.medical-artist.com

Tel: +44 (0)203 287 7202

VAGUS NERVE (CRANIAL NERVE X)

The cover images in volume 211 of the Journal depict the 12 cranial nerves, showing both their origin in the brain and the areas that they innervate. This issue’s cover features the vagus nerve. As well as providing parasympathetic innervation to nearly all the abdominal and thoracic viscera, the vagus nerve also receives taste sensations from the epiglottis and controls the muscles for voice, resonance and the soft palate.

Illustrated in watercolour by Joanna Culley BA (Hons) MMAA RMIP, Medical and Scientific Artist

www.medical-artist.com

Tel: +44 (0)203 287 7202

The cover images in volume 211 of the Journal depict the 12 cranial nerves, showing both their origin in the brain and the areas that they innervate. This issue’s cover features the glossopharyngeal nerve, which receives taste from the posterior third of the tongue and innervates the parotid gland and stylopharyngeus.

Illustrated in watercolour by Joanna Culley BA (Hons) MMAA RMIP, Medical and Scientific Artist

www.medical-artist.com

Tel: +44 (0)203 287 7202

The cover images in volume 211 of the Journal depict the 12 cranial nerves, showing both their origin in the brain and the areas that they innervate. This issue’s cover features the vestibulocochlear nerve, which senses sound, rotation and gravity and is essential for balance and movement.

Illustrated in watercolour by Joanna Culley BA (Hons) MMAA RMIP, Medical and Scientific Artist

www.medical-artist.com

Tel: +44 (0)203 287 7202

The cover images in volume 211 of the Journal depict the 12 cranial nerves, showing both their origin in the brain and the areas that they innervate. This issue’s cover features the facial nerve, which serves the digastric and stapedius muscles and those responsible for facial expression, innervates the salivary glands (with the exception of the parotid gland) and lacrimal gland, and receives taste stimuli from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.

Illustrated in watercolour by Joanna Culley BA (Hons) MMAA RMIP, Medical and Scientific Artist

www.medical-artist.com

Tel: +44 (0)203 287 7202

ABDUCENS NERVE (CRANIAL NERVE VI)

The cover images in volume 211 of the Journal depict the 12 cranial nerves, showing both their origin in the brain and the areas that they innervate. This issue’s cover features the abducens nerve (shown in bright yellow) which serves the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, illustrated here cut and folded back to reveal the nerve in question. Other nerves on the illustration are shown in paler yellow to distinguish them from the featured cranial nerve; they include the pterygopalatine and ciliary ganglia and the infraorbital, zygomatic and ciliary nerves.

Illustrated in watercolour by Joanna Culley BA (Hons) MMAA RMIP, Medical and Scientific Artist

www.medical-artist.com

Tel: +44 (0)203 287 7202

The cover images in volume 211 of the Journal depict the 12 cranial nerves, showing both their origin in the brain and the areas that they innervate. This issue’s cover features the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, which innervates the muscles of mastication.

Illustrated in watercolour by Joanna Culley BA (Hons) MMAA RMIP, Medical and Scientific Artist

www.medical-artist.com

Tel: +44 (0)203 287 7202

TROCHLEAR NERVE (CRANIAL NERVE IV) The cover images in volume 211 of the Journal depict the 12 cranial nerves, showing both their origin in the brain and the areas that they innervate. This issue’s cover features the trochlear nerve, which innervates the superior oblique muscle. This muscle depresses, laterally rotates and intorts the eyeball. Illustrated in watercolour by Joanna Culley BA (Hons) MMAA RMIP, Medical and Scientific Artist www.medical-artist.com Tel: +44 (0)203 287 7202

OCULOMOTOR NERVE (CRANIAL NERVE III) The cover images in volume 211 of the Journal depict the 12 cranial nerves, showing both their origin in the brain and the areas that they innervate. This issue's cover features the oculomotor nerve, which innervates the muscles responsible for most eye movements. Illustrated in watercolour by Joanna Culley BA (Hons) MMAA RMIP, Medical and Scientific Artist www.medical-artist.com Tel: +44 (0)203 287 7202

OPTIC NERVE (CRANIAL NERVE II) The cover images in volume 211 of the Journal depict the 12 cranial nerves, showing both their origin in the brain and the areas that they innervate. This issue's cover features the optic nerve, which transmits visual information to the brain. Illustrated in watercolour by Joanna Culley BA (Hons) MMAA RMIP, Medical and Scientific Artist www.medical-artist.com Tel: +44 (0)203 287 7202

OLFACTORY NERVE (CRANIAL NERVE I) The cover images in volume 211 of the Journal depict the 12 cranial nerves, showing both their origin in the brain and the areas that they innervate. This issue's cover features the olfactory nerve, which is responsible for transmitting the sense of smell. Illustrated in watercolour by Joanna Culley BA (Hons) MMAA RMIP, Medical and Scientific Artist www.medical-artist.com Tel: +44 (0)203 287 7202