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Integrating neuropsychological research on autism and psychosis to improve clinical outcomes

Nature Reviews Psychology volume 2, pages 723–739 (2023)Cite this article

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Abstract

Although the clinical phenotypes of autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders are considered distinct, there are substantial areas of overlap between both diagnoses. The two conditions co-occur disproportionately often, and research has begun to explore the impact of their simultaneous occurrence on clinically relevant outcomes such as depression and quality of life. In this Review, we describe what is known about the rates of co-occurrence between autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and delineate their unique and shared neuropsychological features regarding sensory processing, cognitive functioning (including language production) and social interactions. Despite this increasing body of literature, critical questions remain about how symptoms of autism and psychosis can best be differentiated, and which treatment options are best suited for people with co-occurring symptoms. We end by providing a research road map to direct efforts towards filling these knowledge gaps.

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Fig. 1: Timeline of the development of autism and schizophrenia diagnoses.
Fig. 2: Similarities and differences in clinical features of autism and psychosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Rik Schalbroeck

  2. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Rik Schalbroeck

  3. Dutch Autism & ADHD Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Rik Schalbroeck & Tim B. Ziermans

  4. Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Jennifer H. Foss-Feig

  5. Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

    Jennifer H. Foss-Feig

  6. Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Amandeep Jutla

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Schalbroeck, R., Foss-Feig, J.H., Jutla, A. et al. Integrating neuropsychological research on autism and psychosis to improve clinical outcomes. Nat Rev Psychol 2, 723–739 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-023-00251-3

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