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Diversity and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)

Nature Reviews Psychology volume 2, pages 483–495 (2023)Cite this article

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Abstract

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirically based, hierarchical model of the structure of psychopathology that was created in response to the limitations of traditional, categorical psychiatric classification frameworks. The HiTOP model has become increasingly popular in clinical psychology and psychiatry since its publication in 2017. In this Review, we consider the applicability of the HiTOP model to diverse, underrepresented and epistemically excluded populations. We first review the philosophy underlying psychopathology research in general to understand the impact of scientific norms on the inclusion of diverse populations within the research canon. We then review the HiTOP approach to modelling psychopathology, and how diverse populations have been included within HiTOP-related research to date. We conclude by highlighting ways for future research to increase the applicability of the HiTOP framework to diverse populations. Seriously engaging with the HiTOP model’s suitability for diverse, underrepresented and epistemically excluded populations is imperative in order to achieve the HiTOP consortium’s goal of delineating a fully empirical classification of psychopathology, and to provide a model that can guide the field of psychopathology research and training to increase representation.

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Fig. 1: Dominant norms and epistemic exclusion.
Fig. 2: The HiTOP model.
Fig. 3: Understanding sociocultural context relevant to minoritized groups within HiTOP.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Craig Rodriguez-Seijas

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA

    James J. Li

  3. Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

    Caroline Balling

  4. Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

    Cassandra Brandes & Jennifer L. Tackett

  5. Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    Edward Bernat

  6. Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, And Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Cassandra L. Boness

  7. School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Miriam K. Forbes

  8. Department of Psychology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA

    Kelsie T. Forbush

  9. Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Keanan J. Joyner

  10. Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Robert F. Krueger

  11. Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA

    Holly F. Levin-Aspenson

  12. Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

    Giorgia Michelini

  13. Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Giorgia Michelini

  14. Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, USA

    Eunyoe Ro

  15. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA

    Lauren Rutter

  16. Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA

    Kasey Stanton

  17. Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA

    Monika Waszczuk

  18. Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Nicholas R. Eaton

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  1. Craig Rodriguez-Seijas
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Contributions

C.R.-S., C. Balling., C. Brandes., K.T.F., K.J.J., R.F.K., G.M. and K.S. researched data for the article. C.R.-S., J.J.L., C. Balling, C. Brandes, E.B., C.L.B., K.T.F., K.J.J., R.F.K., G.M. and N.R.E. wrote the article. All author contributed substantially to discussion of content and reviewed and/or edited the manuscript before submission.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Craig Rodriguez-Seijas.

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Competing interests

All authors were members of the HiTOP Consortium or the HiTOP Trainee Network as well as the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Workgroup within the HiTOP consortium at the time of publication. C.R.-S., J.J.L., M.K.F., R.F.K., M.W. and N.R.E. were also members of the HiTOP Consortium Executive Chairs at the time of publication. The other authors declare no competing interests.

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Rodriguez-Seijas, C., Li, J.J., Balling, C. et al. Diversity and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Nat Rev Psychol 2, 483–495 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-023-00200-0

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