Abstract
With immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) becoming the mainstay of treatment for many cancers, managing their immune-related adverse events (irAEs) has become an important part of oncological care. This Review covers the clinical presentation of irAEs and crucial aspects of reversibility, fatality and long-term sequelae, with special attention to irAEs in specific patient populations, such as those with autoimmune diseases. In addition, the genetic basis of irAEs, along with cellular and humoral responses to ICI therapy, are discussed. Detrimental effects of empirically used high-dose steroids and second-line immunosuppression, including impaired ICI effectiveness, call for more tailored irAE-treatment strategies. We discuss open therapeutic challenges and propose potential avenues to accelerate personalized management strategies and optimize outcomes.
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K.P.M.S. has advisory relationships with Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, MSD, Pierre Fabre and AbbVie and has received honoraria from Novartis, MSD and Sairopa and research funding from BMS, Philips and TigaTx, all paid to the institution. F.v.W. has received advisory and/or speaker fees from Takeda and Johnson & Johnson and research funding from BMS, Takeda, Sanofi, Pfizer, Galapagos and Leo Pharma. A.M.M.E. has received honoraria for advisory relationships from Agenus, Boehringer Ingelheim, BioInvent, BioNTech, Brenus, CatalYm, Epics, GenOway, IO Biotech, IQVIA, ISA Pharmaceuticals, Merck & Co/MSD, Oncimmune, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Sairopa, Sellas, Scorpion, SkylineDX, TigaTx and Trained Therapeutics and moreover speaker fees from BMS and MSD and has equity in IO Biotech, Sairopa and SkylineDX. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed by M.J.M.v.E.
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Suijkerbuijk, K.P.M., van Eijs, M.J.M., van Wijk, F. et al. Clinical and translational attributes of immune-related adverse events. Nat Cancer 5, 557–571 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43018-024-00730-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43018-024-00730-3