Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2481-8 (2020)

The majority of therapies for non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are tailored to cancer drivers associated with light exposure to tobacco smoke, but this represents around 20% of those affected by lung cancer. Therapies that are effective in tobacco-associated NSLC are thus badly needed.

The National Lung Matrix Trial in the UK is an umbrella study in which patients with NSLC are stratified according to mutations identified by genome sequencing of their tumor and are assigned therapies. The authors of the trial screened 5,467 patients, of which 2,007 were eligible for entry into the trial due to their mutations, and 302 received genotype-matched therapy. The results thus far show that there are a limited number of genotype-matched combinations that show promise and that these are in people with limited tobacco exposure