Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Richard Karlsson Linnér, S. Fleur W. Meddens, Anke R. Hammerschlag, Aysu Okbay, Ronald de Vlaming, Erdogan Taskesen, Aysu Okbay, S. Fleur W. Meddens, Ronald de Vlaming, Christiaan de Leeuw, Danielle Posthuma, Philipp D. Koellinger, Danielle Posthuma & Philipp D. Koellinger
Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Richard Karlsson Linnér, S. Fleur W. Meddens, Cornelius A. Rietveld, Ronald de Vlaming, Cornelius A. Rietveld, S. Fleur W. Meddens, Ronald de Vlaming, Patrick J. F. Groenen, A. Roy Thurik, Patrick J. F. Groenen & A. Roy Thurik
Department of Economics, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Richard Karlsson Linnér, S. Fleur W. Meddens, Aysu Okbay, Ronald de Vlaming, Aysu Okbay, S. Fleur W. Meddens, Ronald de Vlaming, Philipp D. Koellinger & Philipp D. Koellinger
Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Pietro Biroli & Christian L. Zünd
Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
Edward Kong, Olga Rostapshova, David I. Laibson & David Laibson
Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
Robbee Wedow, Chia-Yen Chen, Patrick Turley, Aarno Palotie & Patrick Turley
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
Robbee Wedow, Albert Hofman & Albert Hofman
Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Robbee Wedow, Chia-Yen Chen, Patrick Turley & Patrick Turley
Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
Robbee Wedow
Center for the Advancement of Value in Musculoskeletal Care, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
Mark Alan Fontana & Mark Alan Fontana
Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
Mark Alan Fontana & Mark Alan Fontana
Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Maël Lebreton & Maël P. Lebreton
Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Maël Lebreton & Maël P. Lebreton
Department of Economics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Stephen P. Tino, Jonathan P. Beauchamp & Jonathan P. Beauchamp
Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Abdel Abdellaoui, Michel G. Nivard, Dorret I. Boomsma, Abdel Abdellaoui, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Gonneke Willemsen, Dorret I. Boomsma, Conor C. Dolan & Dorret I. Boomsma
Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Cornelius A. Rietveld & Cornelius A. Rietveld
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Cornelius A. Rietveld, Frank J. van Rooij, Cornelius A. Rietveld, Sven J. van der Lee, Najaf Amin, Frank J. van Rooij, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Henning Tiemeier, Albert Hofman, Albert Hofman, Mohammad A. Ikram & Henning Tiemeier
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Pascal N. Timshel, Tune H. Pers, Pascal Timshel, Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen & Tune H. Pers
Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
Pascal N. Timshel, Tune H. Pers, Pascal Timshel & Tune H. Pers
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Maciej Trzaskowski, Yang Wu, Futao Zhang, Grant W. Montgomery, Peter M. Visscher, Jian Yang, Futao Zhang, Grant W. Montgomery, Jacob Gratten, Jian Yang, Peter M. Visscher, Jian Yang & Jacob Gratten
Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
Yanchun Bao, Melissa C. Smart & Meena Kumari
Seminar for Statistics, Department of Mathematics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Laura Buzdugan
Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Laura Buzdugan & Ernst Fehr
Stuyvesant High School, New York, NY, USA
Ann H. Caplin
Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Chia-Yen Chen & Aarno Palotie
Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Peter Eibich & Peter Eibich
Socio-Economic Panel Study, DIW Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Peter Eibich, Peter Eibich, Martin Kroh & Gert G. Wagner
Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
Peter Eibich & Peter Eibich
Research, 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA
Pierre Fontanillas, Aaron Kleinman, Michelle Agee, Babak Alipanahi, Robert K. Bell, Katarzyna Bryc, Sarah L. Elson, Nicholas A. Furlotte, Karen E. Huber, Nadia K. Litterman, Jennifer C. McCreight, Matthew H. McIntyre, Joanna L. Mountain, Carrie A. M. Northover, Steven J. Pitts, J. Fah Sathirapongsasuti, Olga V. Sazonova, Janie F. Shelton, Suyash Shringarpure, Chao Tian, Joyce Y. Tung, Vladimir Vacic, Catherine H. Wilson, Nicholas A. Furlotte, David A. Hinds, Joyce Y. Tung, Adam Auton & David A. Hinds
Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
Juan R. Gonzalez
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
Juan R. Gonzalez
CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
Juan R. Gonzalez
Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
Peter K. Joshi, Katharina E. Schraut, Harry Campbell, Peter K. Joshi, Igor Rudan, Ozren Polasek, James F. Wilson, David W. Clark, Paul R. H. J. Timmers & James F. Wilson
Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Ville Karhunen & Minna Männikkö
Department of Economics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Remy Z. Levin
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics & Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Christina M. Lill, Lars Bertram & Lars Bertram
Team Loyalty BV, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
Gerardus A. Meddens & Gerardus A. Meddens
Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
Gerard Muntané, Carlos Morcillo-Suarez & Arcadi Navarro
Research Department, Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
Gerard Muntané
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Reus, Spain
Gerard Muntané
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Abraham A. Palmer & Murray B. Stein
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Jason D. Boardman
Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Jason D. Boardman
Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Jason D. Boardman
Department of Economics and Finance, Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Andrew Conlin & Rauli Svento
Department of Economics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
Urs Fischbacher
Thurgau Institute of Economics, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
Urs Fischbacher
Department of Econometrics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Patrick J. F. Groenen & Patrick J. F. Groenen
Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Kathleen Mullan Harris
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Kathleen Mullan Harris
Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
Gregor Hasler
Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Sonia Jain & Murray B. Stein
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Patrick Sullivan, Robert Karlsson, Paul Lichtenstein, Nancy L. Pedersen, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Robert Karlsson & Patrik K. E. Magnusson
Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Ronald C. Kessler
SURFsara, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Maarten Kooyman
Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
James MacKillop
Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
James MacKillop
Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Matthew B. McQueen
Department of Economics, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Klaus M. Schmidt
Department of Economics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Matthias Sutter
Experimental Economics Group, Max Planck Institute for Research into Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany
Matthias Sutter
Department of Public Finance, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
Matthias Sutter
Montpellier Business School, Montpellier, France
A. Roy Thurik & A. Roy Thurik
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Joyce van Meurs, Joost Verlouw, André G. Uitterlinden & André G. Uitterlinden
UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
Jon White
Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Alan R. Sanders, Pablo V. Gejman & Harriet de Wit
Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Jian Yang, Guo-Bo Chen, Zhihong Zhu, Andrew Bakshi, Riccardo E. Marioni, Anna A. E. Vinkhuyzen, Jian Yang & Jian Yang
Dept of Psychology, University of Olso, Oslo, Norway
Lars Bertram & Lars Bertram
School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Lars Bertram & Lars Bertram
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Tõnu Esko, Anette Kalnapenkis, Silva Kasela, Jaanika Kronberg-Guzman, Viktorija Kukushkina, Andres Metspalu, Lili Milani, Natalia Pervjakova, Evelin Mihailov, Natalia Pervjakova, Reedik Mägi, Lili Milani, Andres Metspalu, Tõnu Esko & Tõnu Esko
Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
Magnus Johannesson & Magnus Johannesson
Center for Translational Bioethics and Health Care Policy, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
Michelle N. Meyer & Michelle N. Meyer
Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
Arcadi Navarro
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Arcadi Navarro
Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Abraham A. Palmer
Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Danielle Posthuma & Danielle Posthuma
Department of Economics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
Daniel Schunk
Behavioral and Health Genomics Center, Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Patrick Turley, Daniel J. Benjamin, Patrick Turley & Daniel J. Benjamin
Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
Robert J. Ursano
Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
Tian Liu & Gert G. Wagner
MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
Jennifer E. Huffman, Jonathan Marten, Caroline Hayward, Veronique Vitart, James F. Wilson, Alan F. Wright & James F. Wilson
Mater Medical Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
Jacob Gratten & Jacob Gratten
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
James J. Lee, Michael B. Miller, William G. Iacono, Matt McGue, Robert F. Krueger & James J. Lee
Department of Economics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
Kevin Thom, David Cesarini & David Cesarini
Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Daniel J. Benjamin & Daniel J. Benjamin
National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
Daniel J. Benjamin & Daniel J. Benjamin
German Institute for Economic Research, DIW Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Philipp D. Koellinger & Philipp D. Koellinger
Computational Biology, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
Mawussé Agbessi, Isabel Alves, Philip Awadalla & Marie-Julie Favé
Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Habibul Ahsan, Brandon Pierce & Lin Tong
Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
Anand Andiappan, Bernett Lee & Olaf Rotzchke
Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
Alexis Battle, Yungil Kim & Ashis Saha
Heart Center Leipzig, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Frank Beutner
Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Marc Jan Bonder, Annique Claringbould, Patrick Deelen, Lude Franke, Urmo Võsa, Harm-Jan Westra, Harm-Jan Westra, Lude Franke & Pim van der Harst
Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Epidemiology, Medicine, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Mark Christiansen & Bruce M. Psaty
Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
Timothy Frayling & Hanieh Yaghootkar
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Sina A. Gharib
Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
Sina A. Gharib
School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA
Gregory Gibson, Urko M. Marigorta & Biao Zeng
Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
Bastiaan Heijmans
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Gibran Hemani, Susan Ring, Beate St Pourcain, David M. Evans, George McMahon, Lavinia Paternoster, Susan M. Ring, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Nicholas J. Timpson & George Davey Smith
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Rick Jansen, Michel G. Nivard, Brenda Penninx, Jenny van Dongen & Brenda Penninx
Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
Mika Kähönen & Mika Kähönen
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Johannes Kettunen & Samuli Ripatti
Genetics and Genomic Science Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Yungil Kim
Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Statistik und Epidemiologie, Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Holger Kirsten, Markus Loeffler & Markus Scholz
IFB Adiposity Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Peter Kovacs
Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Knut Krohn
Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
Zoltan Kutalik, Sina Rüeger & Zoltan Kutalik
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
Terho Lehtimäki, Ilkka Seppälä & Terho Lehtimäki
Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Katharina Schramm & Konstantin Strauch
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Matthias Nauck
National Institute for Health and Welfare, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Markus Perola, Niina Eklund, Seppo Koskinen, Tomi Mäki-Opas, Veikko Salomaa, Jaakko Kaprio & Markus Perola
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Joseph Powell
Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
Holger Prokisch, Peter Lichtner & Thomas Meitinger
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Olli Raitakari & Olli Raitakari
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Susan Ring
Department of Medicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Michael Stumvoll & Anke Tönjes
Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Peter-Bram t Hoen, Tessel E. Galesloot & Lambertus A. L. M. Kiemeney
Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Alexander Teumer, Alexander Teumer, Sebastian E. Baumeister, Henry Völzke & Wolfgang Hoffmann
Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Joachim Thiery
Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Uwe Völker, Georg Homuth & Uwe Völker
Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
Valur Emilsson, Albert V. Smith & Vilmundur Gudnason
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
Valur Emilsson
Department of Government, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Sven Oskarsson & Karl-Oskar Lindgren
New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
Joseph K. Pickrell
Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia, Klaus Bønnelykke, Johannes Waage & Hans Bisgaard
Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia & Johannes Waage
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
Jonas Bacelis & Bo Jacobsson
Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
Clemens Baumbach & Christian Gieger
Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
Clemens Baumbach & Christa Meisinger
deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
Gyda Bjornsdottir, Augustine Kong, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Bjarni V. Halldórsson, Kari Stefansson & Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Johannes H. Brandsma & Raymond A. Poot
Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica UOS di Sassari, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari, Italy
Maria Pina Concas, Bjarni Gunnarsson, Simona Vaccargiu & Mario Pirastu
Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
Jaime Derringer
Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
Giorgia Girotto, Dragana Vuckovic, Ilaria Gandin, Paolo Gasparini & Nicola Pirastu
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Richa Gupta, Antti Latvala, Anu Loukola & Jaakko Kaprio
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
Leanne M. Hall, Christopher P. Nelson & Nilesh J. Samani
NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
Leanne M. Hall, Christopher P. Nelson & Nilesh J. Samani
Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Sarah E. Harris, Gail Davies, David C. M. Liewald, Riccardo E. Marioni & Ian J. Deary
Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Sarah E. Harris & David J. Porteous
Department of Neurology, General Hospital and Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
Edith Hofer, Katja E. Petrovic, Helena Schmidt & Reinhold Schmidt
Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, General Hospital and Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
Edith Hofer
Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Momoko Horikoshi
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Momoko Horikoshi
Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Kadri Kaasik, Jari Lahti, Liisa Keltigangas-Järvinen & Katri Räikkönen
Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
Ioanna P. Kalafati & George V. Dedoussis
Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsingfors, Finland
Jari Lahti, Katri Räikkönen & Johan G. Eriksson
Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Christiaan de Leeuw
Quantitative Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Penelope A. Lind & Sarah E. Medland
Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
Massimo Mangino, Lydia Quaye, Cristina Venturini & Tim D. Spector
NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, UK
Massimo Mangino & Cristina Venturini
Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Peter J. van der Most, Behrooz Z. Alizadeh & Judith M. Vonk
Public Health Stream, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
Christopher Oldmeadow, Elizabeth G. Holliday & John R. Attia
Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Christopher Oldmeadow, Elizabeth G. Holliday, Rodney J. Scott & John R. Attia
Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Antony Payton & William E. R. Ollier
Human Communication and Deafness, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Antony Payton
Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Wouter J. Peyrot & Yusplitri Milaneschi
GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Wouter J. Peyrot & Yusplitri Milaneschi
Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
Yong Qian, Jun Ding & David Schlessinger
Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Rico Rueedi
Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
Rico Rueedi
Department Of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
Erika Salvi & Daniele Cusi
Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
Börge Schmidt, Lewin Eisele & Karl-Heinz Jöckel
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
Jianxin Shi
Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Albert V. Smith, Vilmundur Gudnason, Kari Stefansson & Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Beate St Pourcain
Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Niek Verweij, Klaus Berger & Pim van der Harst
Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Juergen Wellmann
Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Jingyun Yang, Patricia A. Boyle & David A. Bennett
Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Jingyun Yang & David A. Bennett
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Wei Zhao, Jennifer A. Smith, Erin B. Ware & Sharon L. R. Kardia
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Behrooz Z. Alizadeh
Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
Sebastian E. Baumeister
Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy
Ginevra Biino
Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Patricia A. Boyle
Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
Francesco P. Cappuccio
Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Gail Davies, David C. M. Liewald & Ian J. Deary
Saïd Business School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Jan-Emmanuel De Neve
William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
Panos Deloukas & Stavroula Kanoni
Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Panos Deloukas
The Berlin Aging Study II Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Ilja Demuth & Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Ilja Demuth
University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
David M. Evans
Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Jessica D. Faul & David R. Weir
Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Mary F. Feitosa, Aldi T. Kraja, Ingrid B Borecki & Michael A. Province
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Andreas J. Forstner
Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Andreas J. Forstner
Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
Bjarni V. Halldórsson
Laboratory of Epidemiology & Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Tamara B. Harris
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Andrew C. Heath & Pamela A. Madden
Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
Lynne J. Hocking
Manchester Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Michael A. Horan
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
Philip L. de Jager & Aarno Palotie
Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Philip L. de Jager
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Philip L. de Jager
Department of Genes and Environment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
Astanand Jugessur, Ronny Myhre & Bo Jacobsson
Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
Marika A. Kaakinen
Public Health, Medical School, University of Split, Split, Croatia
Ivana Kolcic
Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Lenore J. Launer
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Douglas F. Levinson
Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Riccardo E. Marioni
Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
Pedro Marques-Vidal & Peter Vollenweider
Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Dale R. Nyholt
Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland Institute of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Dale R. Nyholt
Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Aarno Palotie
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Aarno Palotie, Antti-Pekka Sarin & Jaakko Kaprio
Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Aarno Palotie
Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS ‘Burlo Garofolo’, Trieste, Italy
Antonietta Robino, Sheila Ulivi & Paolo Gasparini
Social Impact, Arlington, VA, USA
Olga Rostapshova & Diego Vozzi
Department of Economics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Aldo Rustichini
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
Alan R. Sanders & Pablo V. Gejman
Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Antti-Pekka Sarin
Research Unit for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, General Hospital and Medical University, Graz, Austria
Helena Schmidt
Information Based Medicine Stream, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
Rodney J. Scott
Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
Blair H. Smith
Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Jan A. Staessen
R&D VitaK Group, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Jan A. Staessen
Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
Konstantin Strauch
Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Antonio Terracciano
Department of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
Martin D. Tobin
Research Center for Group Dynamics, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Erin B. Ware
Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Ute Bültmann
Department of Psychology, Union College, Schenectady, NY, USA
Christopher F. Chabris
Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
Francesco Cucca
Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Research Council, Milan, Italy
Daniele Cusi
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Johan G. Eriksson
Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Barbara Franke
Experimental Genetics Division, Sidra, Doha, Qatar
Paolo Gasparini
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Hans-Jörgen Grabe
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS-Hospital Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
Hans-Jörgen Grabe
Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Pim van der Harst
Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Caroline Hayward
Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Elina Hyppönen
South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Elina Hyppönen
Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
Elina Hyppönen & Christine Power
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
Center for Life Course Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
Economics, NYU Shanghai, Pudong, China
Steven F. Lehrer
Policy Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Steven F. Lehrer
Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Nicholas G. Martin
Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, Salford Royal Hospital, Manchester, UK
Neil Pendleton
Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research in Ageing, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Neil Pendleton
Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
Ozren Polasek
Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Denmark
Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
Department of Sociology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
Dalton C. Conley
School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
Dalton C. Conley
J.P.B., P.D.K., and D.J.B. designed and oversaw the study. J.P.B. closely supervised the analyses and led the writing of the manuscript. R.K.L. was the lead analyst, responsible for quality control, the meta-analyses, summarizing the overlap across the results of the various GWAS, and the SNP heritability analyses. E.K. conducted the population stratification, replication, and proxy-phenotype analyses. R.W. led the genetic correlation analyses, and M.A.F. contributed to those analyses. P.B. led the polygenic score prediction analyses, and R.K.L., E.K., R.W., A.A., R.d.V., M.A.F., and M.G.N. contributed to those analyses. P.B. and C.L.Z. conducted the MTAG analyses. The bioinformatics analyses were led by S.F.W.M. Analysts who assisted S.F.W.M. include J.G. and M.T. (SMR), A.R.H. (MAGMA), G.A.M. (Gene Network), and P.N.T. (DEPICT). M.L. conducted the review of the literature attempting to link risk tolerance to biological pathways. R.K.L. prepared the majority of figures; E.K. and S.P.T. also prepared some figures. A.O., C.A.R., and S.P.T. helped with several additional analyses. D.C., J.G., and J.J.L. provided helpful advice and feedback on various aspects of the study design. All authors contributed to and critically reviewed the manuscript. P.B., R.K.L., E.K., S.F.W.M., and R.W. made especially major contributions to the writing and editing; these authors contributed equally, and lead authors 2–5 are listed aphabetically in the author list.