This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to Nature+
Get immediate online access to Nature and 55 other Nature journal
$29.99
monthly
Subscribe to Journal
Get full journal access for 1 year
$199.00
only $3.90 per issue
All prices are NET prices.
VAT will be added later in the checkout.
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.
Buy article
Get time limited or full article access on ReadCube.
$32.00
All prices are NET prices.


Code availability
The R code for the performed analysis is deposited at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6564932.
References
Liu, Z. et al. The Holocene temperature conundrum. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, E3501–E3505 (2014).
Marcott, S. A., Shakun, J. D., Clark, P. U. & Mix, A. C. A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years. Science 339, 1198–1201 (2013).
Kaufman, D. et al. Holocene global mean surface temperature, a multi-method reconstruction approach. Sci. Data 7, 201 (2020).
Bova, S., Rosenthal, Y., Liu, Z., Godad, S. P. & Yan, M. Seasonal origin of the thermal maxima at the Holocene and the last interglacial. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-03155-x (2021).
Galaasen, E. V. et al. Interglacial instability of North Atlantic Deep Water ventilation. Science 367, 1485–1489 (2020).
Liu, Y. et al. A possible role of dust in resolving the Holocene temperature conundrum. Sci. Rep. 8, 4434 (2018).
Laepple, T. & Lohmann, G. Seasonal cycle as template for climate variability on astronomical timescales. Paleoceanography 24, PA4201 (2009).
Clement, A. C., Hall, A. & Broccoli, A. J. The importance of precessional signals in the tropical climate. Clim. Dyn. 22, 327–341 (2004).
Erb, M. P., Jackson, C. S. & Broccoli, A. J. Using single-forcing GCM simulations to reconstruct and interpret quaternary climate change. J. Clim. 28, 9746–9767 (2015).
Huybers, P. & Tziperman, E. Integrated summer insolation forcing and 40,000-year glacial cycles: the perspective from an ice-sheet/energy-balance model. Paleoceanography 23, PA1208 (2008).
Milankovitch, M. Kanon der Erdbestrahlung und seine Andwendung auf das Eiszeitenproblem (Royal Serbian Academy, 1941).
Wang, G. & Dillon, M. E. Recent geographic convergence in diurnal and annual temperature cycling flattens global thermal profiles. Nat. Clim. Change 4, 988–992 (2014).
Lu, Z., Liu, Z., Chen, G. & Guan, J. Prominent precession band variance in ENSO intensity over the last 300,000 years. Geophys. Res. Lett. 46, 9786–9795 (2019).
Rohling, E. J. et al. Asynchronous Antarctic and Greenland ice-volume contributions to the last interglacial sea-level highstand. Nat. Commun. 10, 5040 (2019).
Nicholl, J. A. L. et al. A Laurentide outburst flooding event during the last interglacial period. Nat. Geosci. 5, 901–904 (2012).
Benestad, R. E. Empirical-statistical downscaling in climate modeling. Eos 85, 417–422 (2004).
Acknowledgements
This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme Starting Grant SPACE (grant agreement number 716092). F.H. is supported by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education with funding from the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation. We thank R. Hebert for discussions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors collaborated on the design of the study, the interpretation of the results and writing the manuscript. T.L. led the study and performed the evaluation of the SAT method on the model simulations.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Laepple, T., Shakun, J., He, F. et al. Concerns of assuming linearity in the reconstruction of thermal maxima. Nature 607, E12–E14 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04831-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04831-w
This article is cited by
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.