Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

Reply to: No freshwater-filled glacial Arctic Ocean

Nature volume 602, pages E4–E6 (2022)Cite this article

Subjects

The Original Article was published on 02 February 2022

replying to R. F. Spielhagen et al. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04089-8 (2021)

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Relevant articles

Open Access articles citing this article.

Access options

Rent or buy this article

Get just this article for as long as you need it

$39.95

Learn more

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Fig. 1: 230Thex data for four cores from the Nordic Seas.
Fig. 2: δ18O in diatoms versus δ18O in foraminifera.

Data availability

All data shown here have been published previously and are fully referenced.

References

  1. Spielhagen, R. F., Scholten, J. C., Bauch, H. A. & Eisenhauer, A. No freshwater-filled glacial Arctic Ocean. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04089-8 (2021).

  2. Geibert, W., Matthiessen, J., Stimac, I., Wollenburg, J. & Stein, R. Glacial episodes of a freshwater Arctic Ocean covered by a thick ice shelf. Nature 590, 97–102 (2021).

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Jakobsson, M. et al. Evidence for an ice shelf covering the central Arctic Ocean during the penultimate glaciation. Nat. Commun. 7, 10365 (2016).

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Blischke, A. et al. The Jan Mayen microcontinent’s Cenozoic stratigraphic succession and structural evolution within the NE-Atlantic. Mar. Pet. Geol. 103, 702–737 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Paetsch, H. Sedimentation im Europäischen Nordmeer: Radioisotopische, Geochemische und Tonmineralogische Untersuchungen Spätquartärer Ablagerungen. PhD thesis, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel (1991).

  6. Scholten, J., Botz, R., Paetsch, H., Stoffers, P. & Weinelt, M. High-resolution uranium-series dating of Norwegian-Greenland Sea sediments: 230Th vs. δ18O stratigraphy. Mar. Geol. 121, 77–85 (1994).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Werner, F. & Winn, K. Documentation of sediment core GIK17728-2 https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.720640 (PANGAEA, 2009); supplement to Grobe, H. et al. The GIK-Archive of sediment core radiographs with documentation. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 9, 969–976 (2017).

  8. Brown, E. T. et al. Beryllium isotope geochemistry in tropical river basins. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 1607–1624 (1992).

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Aldahan, A., Haiping, Y. & Possnert, G. Distribution of beryllium between solution and minerals (biotite and albite) under atmospheric conditions and variable pH. Chem. Geol. 156, 209–229 (1999).

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Frank, M. Radiogenic isotopes: tracers of past ocean circulation and erosional input. Rev. Geophys. 40, 1-1-1-38 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Maier, E. et al. North Pacific freshwater events linked to changes in glacial ocean circulation. Nature 559, 241–245 (2018).

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Greco, M., Meilland, J., Zamelczyk, K., Rasmussen, T. L. & Kucera, M. The effect of an experimental decrease in salinity on the viability of the subarctic planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina incompta. Polar Res. 39, https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v39.3842 (2020).

  13. Kemp, A. E. S. et al. Production of giant marine diatoms and their export at oceanic frontal zones: implications for Si and C flux from stratified oceans. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002698 (2006).

  14. Rasmussen, T. L., Oppo, D. W., Thomsen, E. & Lehman, S. J. Deep sea records from the southeast Labrador Sea: ocean circulation changes and ice-rafting events during the last 160,000 years. Paleoceanography 18, 1018–1029 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Böhm, E. et al. Strong and deep Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the last glacial cycle. Nature 517, 73–76 (2015).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Rasmussen, T. L. & Thomsen, E. The role of the North Atlantic Drift in the millennial timescale glacial climate fluctuations. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 210, 101–116 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Wollenburg, J. E., Kuhnt, W. & Mackensen, A. Changes in Arctic Ocean paleoproductivity and hydrography during the last 145 kyr: the benthic foraminiferal record. Paleoceanography 16, 65–77 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Seidenkrantz, M.-S. et al. Two-step deglaciation at the oxygen isotope stage 6/5E transition: the Zeifen-Kattegat climate oscillation. Quat. Sci. Rev. 15, 63–75 (1996).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany

    Walter Geibert, Jens Matthiessen, Jutta Wollenburg & Ruediger Stein

  2. MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

    Ruediger Stein

Authors
  1. Walter Geibert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jens Matthiessen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jutta Wollenburg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ruediger Stein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

W.G. wrote this reply based on published data. All authors contributed to interpretion of data, selection of references and writing of the text. I. Stimac, who was an author of the original article, was not involved in this reply because her contribution to the original article (methods and results sections of the paper) was not discussed as part of the comment. She still supports the published article.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Walter Geibert.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Information

This file contains the Supplementary Discussions, Fig. 1 and refs. 1–17.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Geibert, W., Matthiessen, J., Wollenburg, J. et al. Reply to: No freshwater-filled glacial Arctic Ocean. Nature 602, E4–E6 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04090-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04090-1

This article is cited by

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing