Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Matters Arising
  • Published:

Reply to: Caution over the use of ecological big data for conservation

Nature volume 595, pages E20–E28 (2021)Cite this article

Subjects

The Original Article was published on 07 July 2021

replying to A. V. Harry & J. M. Braccini Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03463-w (2021)

Our global analysis1 estimated the overlap and fishing exposure risk (FEI) using the space use of satellite-tracked sharks and longline fishing effort monitored by the automatic identification system (AIS). In the accompanying Comment, Harry and Braccini2 draw attention to two localized shark–longline vessel overlap hotspots in Australian waters, stating that 47 fishing vessels were misclassified as longline and purse seine vessels in the Global Fishing Watch (GFW)3 2012–2016 AIS fishing effort data product that we used. This, they propose2, results in misidentifications that highlight fishing exposure hotspots that are subject to an unexpected level of sensitivity in the analysis and they suggest that misidentifications could broadly affect the calculations of fishing exposure and the central conclusions of our study1. We acknowledged in our previously published paper1 that gear reclassifications were likely to occur for a small percentage of the more than 70,000 vessels studied, however, here we demonstrate that even using much larger numbers of vessel reclassifications than those proposed by Harry and Braccini2, the central results and conclusions of our paper1 do not change.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Fig. 1: Comparing AIS longline fishing datasets.
Fig. 2: Example effects of random deletions of fishing effort data on exposure risk patterns.

Data availability

Data used to prepare the maps (shark relative spatial density, longline-fishing effort and shark–longline-fishing overlap and FEI) are available on GitHub (https://github.com/GlobalSharkMovement/GlobalSpatialRisk).

Code availability

Code used to prepare the maps (shark relative spatial density, longline-fishing effort and shark–longline-fishing overlap and FEI) is available on GitHub (https://github.com/GlobalSharkMovement/GlobalSpatialRisk).

References

  1. Queiroz, N. et al. Global spatial risk assessment of sharks under the footprint of fisheries. Nature 572, 461–466 (2019).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Harry, A., Braccini, M. Caution over the use of ecological big data for conservation. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03463-w (2021).

  3. Kroodsma, D. A. et al. Tracking the global footprint of fisheries. Science 359, 904–908 (2018).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. European Commission. European Union Fleet Register. version 1.0.8.8 https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fleet-europa/index_en (accessed 10 April 2020).

  5. Stevens, J. D. Management of shark fisheries in Northern Australia. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 378/2 http://www.fao.org/3/x2097e/X2097E20.htm#ch16 (FAO, 1999).

  6. Griffiths, S., Edgar, S., Wang, Y.-G. & Salini, J. Calculating recent foreign fishing vessel numbers using established estimators based on Coastwatch surveillance and apprehension data. Project Number 2007/836 (Australian Fisheries Management Authority 2008).

  7. Field, I. C., Meekan, M. G., Buckworth, R. C. & Bradshaw, C. J. A. Protein mining the world’s oceans: Australasia as an example of illegal expansion-and-displacement fishing. Fish Fish. 10, 323–328 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Australian Fisheries Management Authority. Indonesian illegal fisher apprehended off Darwin convicted. https://www.afma.gov.au/news-media/media-releases/indonesian-illegal-fisher-apprehended-darwin-convicted (Australian Border Force and Australian Fisheries Management Authority, 1 November 2019).

  9. Marshall, L. The Fin Blue Line: quantifying Fishing Mortality using Shark Fin Morphology. PhD Thesis, Univ. of Tasmania (2011).

  10. Braccini, M., Molony, B. & Blay, N. Patterns in abundance and size of sharks in northwestern Australia: cause for optimism. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 77, 72–82 (2020).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Roff, G., Brown, C. J., Priest, M. A. & Mumby, P. J. Decline of coastal apex shark populations over the past half century. Commun. Biol. 1, 223 (2018).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ferreira, L. C. & Simpfendorfer, C. Galeocerdo cuvier. e.T39378A2913541 (The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2019).

  13. Pirog, A. et al. Genetic population structure and demography of an apex predator, the tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier. Ecol. Evol. 9, 5551–5571 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Hays, G. C. et al. Translating marine animal tracking data into conservation policy and management. Trends Ecol. Evol. 34, 459–473 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Funding support was provided by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) (NE/R00997/X/1), European Research Council (ERC-AdG-2019 883583 OCEAN DEOXYFISH) (D.W.S.), Australian Research Council (ARC DP210103091) (A.M.M.S. and D.W.S.), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia CEECIND/02857/2018 (N.Q.), PTDC/BIA-COM/28855/2017 (M.V.) and a 2020 Pew Fellowship in Marine Conservation (A.M.M.S.). This research is part of the Global Shark Movement Project (http://globalsharkmovement.org/).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Taylor K. Chapple

    Present address: Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA

  2. Bonnie J. Holmes

    Present address: The University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal

    Nuno Queiroz, Ana Couto, Marisa Vedor, Ivo da Costa, Gonzalo Mucientes & António M. Santos

  2. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, UK

    Nuno Queiroz, Nicolas E. Humphries, Lara L. Sousa, Samantha J. Simpson, Emily J. Southall & David W. Sims

  3. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Marisa Vedor & António M. Santos

  4. UWA Oceans Institute, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia

    Ana M. M. Sequeira

  5. School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia

    Ana M. M. Sequeira

  6. Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain

    Francisco J. Abascal

  7. Abercrombie and Fish, Port Jefferson Station, NY, USA

    Debra L. Abercrombie

  8. Marine Biology and Aquaculture Unit, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia

    Katya Abrantes, Adam Barnett, Richard Fitzpatrick & Marcus Sheaves

  9. Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    David Acuña-Marrero

  10. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Recife, Brazil

    André S. Afonso, Natalia P. A. Bezerra, Fábio H. V. Hazin, Fernanda O. Lana, Bruno C. L. Macena & Paulo Travassos

  11. MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Peniche, Portugal

    André S. Afonso

  12. MARE, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Portugal

    Pedro Afonso, Jorge Fontes & Frederic Vandeperre

  13. Institute of Marine Research (IMAR), Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal

    Pedro Afonso, Jorge Fontes, Bruno C. L. Macena & Frederic Vandeperre

  14. Okeanos - Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal

    Pedro Afonso, Jorge Fontes & Frederic Vandeperre

  15. Department of Environmental Affairs, Oceans and Coasts Research, Cape Town, South Africa

    Darrell Anders, Michael A. Meÿer, Sarika Singh & Laurenne B. Snyders

  16. Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Jagna, Philippines

    Gonzalo Araujo

  17. Fins Attached Marine Research and Conservation, Colorado Springs, CO, USA

    Randall Arauz

  18. Programa Restauración de Tortugas Marinas PRETOMA, San José, Costa Rica

    Randall Arauz

  19. MigraMar, Olema, CA, USA

    Randall Arauz, Sandra Bessudo Lion, Eduardo Espinoza, Alex R. Hearn, Mauricio Hoyos, James T. Ketchum, A. Peter Klimley, Cesar Peñaherrera-Palma, George Shillinger, German Soler & Patricia M. Zárate

  20. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR MARBEC (IRD, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS), Sète, France

    Pascal Bach, Antonin V. Blaison, Laurent Dagorn, John D. Filmalter, Fabien Forget, Francois Poisson, Marc Soria & Mariana T. Tolotti

  21. Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, USA

    Diego Bernal & Heather Marshall

  22. Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

    Michael L. Berumen, Jesse E. M. Cochran & Carlos M. Duarte

  23. Fundación Malpelo y Otros Ecosistemas Marinos, Bogota, Colombia

    Sandra Bessudo Lion, Felipe Ladino, Lina Maria Quintero & German Soler

  24. Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA

    Barbara A. Block, Taylor K. Chapple, George Shillinger & Timothy D. White

  25. Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA

    Mark E. Bond, Demian D. Chapman & Yannis P. Papastamatiou

  26. Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil

    Ramon Bonfil

  27. School of Fishery and Aquatic Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Camrin D. Braun

  28. Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA

    Camrin D. Braun & Simon R. Thorrold

  29. Shark Research and Conservation Program, Cape Eleuthera Institute, Eleuthera, Bahamas

    Edward J. Brooks, Annabelle Brooks & Sean Williams

  30. University of Exeter, Exeter, UK

    Annabelle Brooks

  31. South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley, Falkland Islands

    Judith Brown

  32. Department of Biological Sciences, The Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, USA

    Michael E. Byrne, Mahmood Shivji, Jeremy J. Vaudo & Bradley M. Wetherbee

  33. School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA

    Michael E. Byrne

  34. Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

    Steven E. Campana

  35. School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, USA

    Aaron B. Carlisle

  36. Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, New Bedford, MA, USA

    John Chisholm & Gregory B. Skomal

  37. Marine Research Facility, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Christopher R. Clarke & James S. E. Lea

  38. PSL, Labex CORAIL, CRIOBE USR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, Papetoai, French Polynesia

    Eric G. Clua

  39. Agence de Recherche pour la Biodiversité à la Réunion (ARBRE), Réunion, Marseille, France

    Estelle C. Crochelet

  40. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 228 ESPACE-DEV, Réunion, Marseille, France

    Estelle C. Crochelet

  41. Save Our Seas Foundation–D’Arros Research Centre (SOSF-DRC), Geneva, Switzerland

    Ryan Daly & Clare A. Keating Daly

  42. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Grahamstown, South Africa

    Ryan Daly, John D. Filmalter, Enrico Gennari & Alison A. Kock

  43. Department of Fisheries Evaluation, Fisheries Research Division, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Valparaíso, Chile

    Daniel Devia Cortés

  44. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

    Thomas K. Doyle & Luke Harman

  45. MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

    Thomas K. Doyle

  46. College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

    Michael Drew, Matthew Heard & Charlie Huveneers

  47. Department of Conservation, Auckland, New Zealand

    Clinton A. J. Duffy

  48. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Geological Sciences, UKZN, Durban, South Africa

    Thor Erikson

  49. Direccion Parque Nacional Galapagos, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, Ecuador

    Eduardo Espinoza

  50. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (UWA), Crawley Western Australia, Crawley, Australia

    Luciana C. Ferreira, Mark G. Meekan & Michele Thums

  51. Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA

    Francesco Ferretti

  52. OCEARCH, Park City, Utah, USA

    G. Chris Fischer

  53. Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Mark Fowler, Warren Joyce & Anna MacDonnell

  54. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand

    Malcolm P. Francis & Warrick S. Lyon

  55. Beneath the Waves, Herndon, VA, USA

    Austin J. Gallagher

  56. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA

    Austin J. Gallagher, Neil Hammerschlag & Emily R. Nelson

  57. Oceans Research Institute, Mossel Bay, South Africa

    Enrico Gennari

  58. Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa

    Enrico Gennari & Alison Towner

  59. SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

    Simon D. Goldsworthy & Paul J. Rogers

  60. Zoological Society of London, London, UK

    Matthew J. Gollock & Fiona Llewellyn

  61. Galapagos Whale Shark Project, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, Ecuador

    Jonathan R. Green

  62. Griffith Centre for Coastal Management, Griffith University School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia

    Johan A. Gustafson

  63. Saving the Blue, Cooper City, FL, USA

    Tristan L. Guttridge

  64. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama

    Hector M. Guzman

  65. Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA

    Neil Hammerschlag

  66. Galapagos Science Center, San Cristobal, Galapagos, Ecuador

    Alex R. Hearn

  67. Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador

    Alex R. Hearn

  68. Blue Water Marine Research, Tutukaka, New Zealand

    John C. Holdsworth

  69. University of QueenslandBrisbane, Queensland, Australia

    Bonnie J. Holmes

  70. Microwave Telemetry, Columbia, MD, USA

    Lucy A. Howey & Lance K. B. Jordan

  71. Pelagios-Kakunja, La Paz, Mexico

    Mauricio Hoyos & James T. Ketchum

  72. Mote Marine Laboratory, Center for Shark Research, Sarasota, FL, USA

    Robert E. Hueter, John J. Morris & John P. Tyminski

  73. Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada

    Nigel E. Hussey

  74. Cape Research and Diver Development, Simon’s Town, South Africa

    Dylan T. Irion

  75. Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK

    David M. P. Jacoby

  76. Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

    Oliver J. D. Jewell

  77. Dyer Island Conservation Trust, Western Cape, South Africa

    Oliver J. D. Jewell & Alison Towner

  78. Blue Wilderness Research Unit, Scottburgh, South Africa

    Ryan Johnson

  79. University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA

    A. Peter Klimley

  80. Cape Research Centre, South African National Parks, Steenberg, South Africa

    Alison A. Kock

  81. Shark Spotters, Fish Hoek, South Africa

    Alison A. Kock

  82. Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa

    Alison A. Kock

  83. Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Veterinary Services, Elsenburg, South Africa

    Pieter Koen

  84. Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil

    Fernanda O. Lana

  85. Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    James S. E. Lea

  86. Atlantic White Shark Conservancy, Chatham, MA, USA

    Heather Marshall

  87. Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

    Jaime D. McAllister, Jayson M. Semmens, German Soler & Kilian M. Stehfest

  88. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Manabi, Portoviejo, Ecuador

    Cesar Peñaherrera-Palma

  89. Marine Megafauna Foundation, Truckee, CA, USA

    Simon J. Pierce & Christoph A. Rohner

  90. Conservation and Fisheries Department, Ascension Island Government, Georgetown, Ascension Island, UK

    Andrew J. Richardson

  91. Marine Conservation Society Seychelles, Victoria, Seychelles

    David R. L. Rowat

  92. CORDIO, East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya

    Melita Samoilys

  93. Upwell, Monterey, CA, USA

    George Shillinger

  94. Department of Zoology and Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa

    Malcolm J. Smale

  95. National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan

    Yuuki Y. Watanabe

  96. SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan

    Yuuki Y. Watanabe

  97. Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK

    Sam B. Weber

  98. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA

    Bradley M. Wetherbee

  99. Department of Oceanography and Environment, Fisheries Research Division, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Valparaíso, Chile

    Patricia M. Zárate

  100. Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Robert Harcourt

  101. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia

    Graeme C. Hays

  102. AZTI - BRTA, Pasaia, Spain

    Xabier Irigoien

  103. IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain

    Xabier Irigoien

  104. Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

    Victor M. Eguiluz

  105. Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tubney, UK

    Lara L. Sousa

  106. Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

    Samantha J. Simpson & David W. Sims

  107. Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

    David W. Sims

Authors
  1. Nuno Queiroz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nicolas E. Humphries
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ana Couto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Marisa Vedor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ivo da Costa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ana M. M. Sequeira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Gonzalo Mucientes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. António M. Santos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Francisco J. Abascal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Debra L. Abercrombie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Katya Abrantes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. David Acuña-Marrero
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. André S. Afonso
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. Pedro Afonso
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. Darrell Anders
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. Gonzalo Araujo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. Randall Arauz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  18. Pascal Bach
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  19. Adam Barnett
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  20. Diego Bernal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  21. Michael L. Berumen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  22. Sandra Bessudo Lion
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  23. Natalia P. A. Bezerra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  24. Antonin V. Blaison
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  25. Barbara A. Block
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  26. Mark E. Bond
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  27. Ramon Bonfil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  28. Camrin D. Braun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  29. Edward J. Brooks
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  30. Annabelle Brooks
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  31. Judith Brown
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  32. Michael E. Byrne
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  33. Steven E. Campana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  34. Aaron B. Carlisle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  35. Demian D. Chapman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  36. Taylor K. Chapple
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  37. John Chisholm
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  38. Christopher R. Clarke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  39. Eric G. Clua
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  40. Jesse E. M. Cochran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  41. Estelle C. Crochelet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  42. Laurent Dagorn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  43. Ryan Daly
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  44. Daniel Devia Cortés
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  45. Thomas K. Doyle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  46. Michael Drew
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  47. Clinton A. J. Duffy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  48. Thor Erikson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  49. Eduardo Espinoza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  50. Luciana C. Ferreira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  51. Francesco Ferretti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  52. John D. Filmalter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  53. G. Chris Fischer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  54. Richard Fitzpatrick
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  55. Jorge Fontes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  56. Fabien Forget
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  57. Mark Fowler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  58. Malcolm P. Francis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  59. Austin J. Gallagher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  60. Enrico Gennari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  61. Simon D. Goldsworthy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  62. Matthew J. Gollock
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  63. Jonathan R. Green
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  64. Johan A. Gustafson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  65. Tristan L. Guttridge
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  66. Hector M. Guzman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  67. Neil Hammerschlag
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  68. Luke Harman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  69. Fábio H. V. Hazin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  70. Matthew Heard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  71. Alex R. Hearn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  72. John C. Holdsworth
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  73. Bonnie J. Holmes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  74. Lucy A. Howey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  75. Mauricio Hoyos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  76. Robert E. Hueter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  77. Nigel E. Hussey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  78. Charlie Huveneers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  79. Dylan T. Irion
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  80. David M. P. Jacoby
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  81. Oliver J. D. Jewell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  82. Ryan Johnson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  83. Lance K. B. Jordan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  84. Warren Joyce
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  85. Clare A. Keating Daly
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  86. James T. Ketchum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  87. A. Peter Klimley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  88. Alison A. Kock
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  89. Pieter Koen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  90. Felipe Ladino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  91. Fernanda O. Lana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  92. James S. E. Lea
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  93. Fiona Llewellyn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  94. Warrick S. Lyon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  95. Anna MacDonnell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  96. Bruno C. L. Macena
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  97. Heather Marshall
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  98. Jaime D. McAllister
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  99. Michael A. Meÿer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  100. John J. Morris
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  101. Emily R. Nelson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  102. Yannis P. Papastamatiou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  103. Cesar Peñaherrera-Palma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  104. Simon J. Pierce
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  105. Francois Poisson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  106. Lina Maria Quintero
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  107. Andrew J. Richardson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  108. Paul J. Rogers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  109. Christoph A. Rohner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  110. David R. L. Rowat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  111. Melita Samoilys
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  112. Jayson M. Semmens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  113. Marcus Sheaves
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  114. George Shillinger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  115. Mahmood Shivji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  116. Sarika Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  117. Gregory B. Skomal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  118. Malcolm J. Smale
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  119. Laurenne B. Snyders
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  120. German Soler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  121. Marc Soria
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  122. Kilian M. Stehfest
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  123. Simon R. Thorrold
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  124. Mariana T. Tolotti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  125. Alison Towner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  126. Paulo Travassos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  127. John P. Tyminski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  128. Frederic Vandeperre
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  129. Jeremy J. Vaudo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  130. Yuuki Y. Watanabe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  131. Sam B. Weber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  132. Bradley M. Wetherbee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  133. Timothy D. White
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  134. Sean Williams
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  135. Patricia M. Zárate
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  136. Robert Harcourt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  137. Graeme C. Hays
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  138. Mark G. Meekan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  139. Michele Thums
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  140. Xabier Irigoien
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  141. Victor M. Eguiluz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  142. Carlos M. Duarte
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  143. Lara L. Sousa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  144. Samantha J. Simpson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  145. Emily J. Southall
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  146. David W. Sims
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

N.Q. and D.W.S. planned the data analysis. N.Q. led the data analysis with contributions from M.V. and D.W.S. N.E.H. contributed analysis tools. D.W.S. led the manuscript writing with contributions from N.Q., N.E.H. and all authors. Seven of the original authors were not included in the Reply authorship; two authors retired from science and the remaining five, although supportive of our Reply, declined to join the authorship due to potential conflicts of interest with the authors of the Comment and/or their institutions.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David W. Sims.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Extended data figures and tables

Extended Data Fig. 1 Comparing shark exposure risk between AIS longline fishing effort datasets.

a–d, Estimated exposure risk of sharks to capture by GFW AIS longline fishing effort across ocean regions for Queiroz et al.1 (a) compared with three improved data releases since the paper was published (b–d). The plots show minor effects of any changes on estimates of shark exposure risk from AIS longline fishing effort and confirm the global results and conclusions of our paper. a, Data from Queiroz et al.1. b, Data from GWF 2012–2016. c, Data from GWF 2012–2018. d, Data from GWF 2018.

Extended Data Table 1 Mean monthly spatial overlap estimates (%) of pelagic shark space use and AIS longline fishing effort for different AIS datasets
Full size table
Extended Data Table 2 Effect of 1% random deletion of fishing effort grid cells within each region on risk exposure estimates
Full size table
Extended Data Table 3 Effect of 5% random deletion of fishing effort grid cells within each region on risk exposure estimates
Full size table

Supplementary information

Supplementary Information

This file contains Supplementary Methods, Supplementary Figures 1 and 2, and Supplementary Tables 1-7.

Reporting Summary

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Queiroz, N., Humphries, N.E., Couto, A. et al. Reply to: Caution over the use of ecological big data for conservation. Nature 595, E20–E28 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03464-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03464-9

This article is cited by

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing