This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$29.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Kurnosov, A., Marquardt, H., Frost, D. J., Boffa Ballaran, T. & Ziberna, L. Evidence for a Fe3+-rich pyrolitic lower mantle from (Al,Fe)-bearing bridgmanite elasticity data. Nature 543, 543–546 (2017); Author Correction Nature 558, E3 (2018).
Murakami, M., Ohishi, Y., Hirao, N. & Hirose, K. A perovskitic lower mantle inferred from high-pressure, high-temperature sound velocity data. Nature 485, 90–94 (2012).
Lin, J.-F, Mao, Z., Yang, J. & Fu, S. Elasticity of lower-mantle bridgmanite. Nature 564, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0741-7 (2018).
Marquardt, H. & Marquardt, K. Focused ion beam preparation and characterization of single-crystal samples for high-pressure experiments in the diamond-anvil cell. Am. Mineral. 97, 299–304 (2012).
Schulze, K., Buchen, J., Marquardt, K. & Marquardt, H. Multi-sample loading technique for comparative physical property measurements in the diamond-anvil cell. High Press. Res. 37, 159–169 (2017).
Speziale, S., Marquardt, H. & Duffy, T. S. Brillouin scattering and its application in geosciences. Rev. Miner. Geochem. 78, 543–603 (2014).
Stixrude, L. & Lithgow-Bertelloni, C. Thermodynamics of mantle minerals—I. Physical properties. Geophys. J. Int. 162, 610–632 (2005).
Buchen, J. et al. High-pressure single-crystal elasticity of wadsleyite and the seismic signature of water in the shallow transition zone. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 498, 77–87 (2018).
Speziale, S. & Duffy, T. S. Single-crystal elasticity of fayalite to 12 GPa. J. Geophys. Res. 109, B12202 (2004).
Speziale, S. & Duffy, T. S. Single-crystal elastic constants of fluorite (CaF2) to 9.3 GPa. Phys. Chem. Miner. 29, 465–472 (2002).
Marquardt, H., Speziale, S., Reichmann, H. J., Frost, D. J. & Schilling, F. R. Single-crystal elasticity of (Mg0.9Fe0.1)O to 81 GPa. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 287, 345–352 (2009).
Shim, S.-H. et al. Stability of ferrous-iron-rich bridgmanite under reducing midmantle conditions. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 114, 6468–6473 (2017).
Sinogeikin, S. V. & Bass, J. D. Single-crystal elasticity of pyrope and MgO to 20 GPa by Brillouin scattering in the diamond cell. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 120, 43–62 (2000).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
A.K., H.M., D.J.F. and T.B.B. discussed the content. A.K. performed the robustness test. H.M. wrote the paper draft. All authors commented on the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
Declared none.
Extended data figures and tables
Extended Data Fig. 1 Raw data collected on single-crystal bridgmanite at two selected pressures and fits from our Letter.
The solid curves are fits to the grey data using the best-fit global model (the ‘global fit’ of ref. 1) and the red dashed curves are individual fits. a, c, Platelet 1. b, d, Platelet 2. a, b, Data collected at 11.8 GPa; c, d, data collected at 31.9 GPa. We note that the orientation of the crystals changed slightly during pressure increase, but was measured at every pressure in our experiment. A ‘tilt’ correction was employed for crystal platelet 1, as mentioned in our Letter1. The procedure is further explained in the Supplementary Information (containing the raw data).
Extended Data Fig. 2 Illustration of how the synthetic dataset at 40.4 GPa was generated using the elastic constants reported in our Letter.
For every pressure point and platelet, velocities in 18 propagation directions were calculated over an angular range of 360° to simulate in-plane rotations between individual measurements that are representative of our low pressure measurements where no overlap of peaks occurred (solid symbols). We randomly changed the velocity values by up to 0.5% to simulate errors typical for single velocity measurements by Brillouin spectroscopy in the diamond anvil cell13. a, Illustration of a complete velocity dataset, using crystal platelet 1 as an example. b, Illustration of a reduced dataset, using crystal platelet 2 as an example. This assumes limited data availability owing to peak overlap or elasto-optic coupling. The example in b corresponds to a situation where 20 directions have been measured in total (10 on each crystal). Solid and dotted curves are results from the ‘global fit’.
Supplementary information
Supplementary Information
This file contains a statement about the raw data presented in the Excel data file
Supplementary Data
This file contains the raw data as they were collected.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kurnosov, A., Marquardt, H., Frost, D.J. et al. Kurnosov et al. reply. Nature 564, E27–E31 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0742-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0742-6
This article is cited by
-
Experimental elasticity of Earth’s deep mantle
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment (2020)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.