Correction to: Nature Reviews Neuroscience https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-023-00784-9, published online 23 January 2024.

In the version of the article initially published, there were several errors in the text within the Fig. 1 flow chart. In the top box, the phrase “(sensory complexity, social interactions and so on)” should not have been included. In the second box from top, the bold heading “Estimation of” should not have been included, the phrase “Reward uncertainty” should have read “Estimation of uncertainty” and the phrase “Information prediction” should have read “Information valuation and prediction”. These errors have now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.