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New filovirus disease classification and nomenclature

Nature Reviews Microbiology volume 17, pages 261–263 (2019)Cite this article

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The recent large outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Western Africa resulted in greatly increased accumulation of human genotypic, phenotypic and clinical data, and improved our understanding of the spectrum of clinical manifestations. As a result, the WHO disease classification of EVD underwent major revision.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Laura Bollinger (US National Institutes of Health (NIH)/US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA) for critically reviewing the manuscript. This work was supported in part through Battelle Memorial Institute’s prime contract with the NIAID under Contract No. HHSN272200700016I (J.H.K.). This project was funded in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, NIH, under Contract No. HHSN261200800001E (I.C.). G.I. is grateful for support from the Italian Ministry of Health, grant Ricerca Corrente, Research Programme n.1. The UK Public Health Rapid Support Team (D.G.B.) is funded by the UK Department of Health and Social Care.

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Author notes

  1. Deceased: Leslie Lobel

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA

    Jens H. Kuhn

  2. Department of Infectious Diseases, Toshima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

    Takuya Adachi

  3. Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    Neill K. J. Adhikari

  4. Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Unit Madrid, Hospital La Paz–Carlos III IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain

    Jose R. Arribas

  5. Donka Hospital, Conakry, Guinea

    Ibrahima Elhadj Bah

  6. UK Public Health Rapid Support Team, London, United Kingdom

    Daniel G. Bausch

  7. Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA

    Nahid Bhadelia

  8. Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany

    Matthias Borchert

  9. Division of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Norwegian National Unit for CBRNE Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Arne Broch Brantsæter

  10. Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA

    David M. Brett-Major & Timothy H. Burgess

  11. Partners in Health (PIH), Freetown, Sierra Leone

    Marta Lado

  12. Critical Care Medicine Department, Emerging Pathogens Section, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Daniel S. Chertow

  13. Schools of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Christopher G. Chute

  14. Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, NE, USA

    Theodore J. Cieslak & Mark G. Kortepeter

  15. University of Antwerp, Global Health Institute, Antwerp, Belgium

    Robert Colebunders

  16. Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research supported by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA

    Ian Crozier

  17. Clinical Research Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Richard T. Davey

  18. Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland

    Hilde de Clerck

  19. Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain

    Rafael Delgado

  20. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Laura Evans

  21. National Public Health Institute, Monrovia, Liberia

    Mosoka Fallah

  22. Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    William A. Fischer II

  23. Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool Institute of Translational Medicine and National Institute for Health Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom

    Tom E. Fletcher

  24. Departments of Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Robert A. Fowler

  25. Klinkum St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany

    Thomas Grünewald

  26. King’s Sierra Leone Partnership, King’s Centre for Global Health, King’s College London & King’s Health Partners, London, UK

    Andy Hall

  27. University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

    Angela Hewlett & Andre C. Kalil

  28. Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands

    Andy I. M. Hoepelman

  29. University College London, London, United Kingdom

    Catherine F. Houlihan

  30. Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive “Lazzaro Spallanzani” (National Institute for Infectious diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” — IRCCS), Rome, Italy

    Giuseppe Ippolito

  31. Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK

    Shevin T. Jacob & Tim O’Dempsey

  32. Department of Infection, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

    Michael Jacobs

  33. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    Robert Jakob

  34. Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

    Frederique A. Jacquerioz

  35. Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA

    John S. Schieffelin

  36. Geneva Center for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland

    Laurent Kaiser & Pauline Vetter

  37. Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone

    Rashidatu F. Kamara

  38. Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

    Jimmy Kapetshi

  39. Institute of Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg an der Lahn, Hesse, Germany

    Hans-Dieter Klenk & Werner Slenczka

  40. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada

    Gary Kobinger

  41. Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Colleen S. Kraft, G. Marshall Lyon III, Aneesh K. Mehta & Bruce Ribner

  42. Federal Information Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany

    Thomas Kratz

  43. College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

    Henry S. Kyobe Bosa

  44. Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada

    François Lamontagne

  45. Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    H. Cliff Lane

  46. Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Emerging Diseases, Tropical Diseases and AIDS, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

    Leslie Lobel

  47. Uganda Virus Research Institute, Arbovirology Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases, Entebbe, Uganda

    Julius Lutwama

  48. Sub-Regional Consortium on Ebola Vaccine and Therapeutic Trials, Clinton Health Access Initiative - Liberia, Boston, MA, USA

    Moses B. F. Massaquoi

  49. 34 Military Hospital, Wilberforce Barracks, Freetown, Sierra Leone

    Thomas A. Massaquoi

  50. International Health Regulations, World Health Organization, Kigali, Rwanda

    Vital Mondonge Makuma

  51. Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

    Srinivas Murthy

  52. Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda

    Tonny Seikikongo Musoke

  53. Department of Microbiology, University of Kinshasa Medical School, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

    Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum

  54. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

    Phiona Nakyeyune & Peter Piot

  55. Médecins Sans Frontières, Barcelona, Spain

    Carolina Nanclares

  56. Department of Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Kampala, Kampala District, Uganda

    Miriam Nanyunja

  57. Direction Générale de Lutte contre la Maladie, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

    Justus Nsio-Mbeta

  58. Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, 2131, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa

    Janusz T. Pawęska

  59. University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA

    Clarence J. Peters

  60. Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bégin Military Teaching Hospital, Saint-Mande, France

    Christophe Rapp

  61. Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Descartes, Paris, France

    Bertrand Renaud

  62. Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Pardis C. Sabeti

  63. Partnership for Ebola Virus Disease Research in Liberia, Monrovia Medical Units ELWA-2 Hospital, Monrovia, Liberia

    Moses J. Soka

  64. Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium

    Armand Sprecher, Michel van Herp & Anja Wolz

  65. Public Health Agency of Canada, Special Pathogens Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    James Strong

  66. Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

    Robert Swanepoel

  67. Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Timothy M. Uyeki

  68. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    David A. Wohl

  69. University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Timo Wolf

  70. Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone

    Alie H. Wurie

  71. World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of the Congo

    Zabulon Yoti

Authors
  1. Jens H. Kuhn
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  2. Takuya Adachi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jens H. Kuhn.

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The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official views, assertions, opinions or policies, either expressed or implied, of the US Department of Defense, US Department of Health and Human Services (National Institutes of Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), US Uniformed Services University, UK National Health System, the UK National Institute for Health Research, the UK Department of Health and Social Care or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors. In no event shall any of these entities have any responsibility or liability for any use, misuse, inability to use, or reliance upon the information contained herein. Some authors are employees of the U.S. Government and as such under the provisions of 17 U.S.C. 105, copyright protection is not available for this work. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the US Government.

Related links

ICD-10: https://icd.who.int/browse10/2016/en

ICD-11: https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en

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Kuhn, J.H., Adachi, T., Adhikari, N.K.J. et al. New filovirus disease classification and nomenclature. Nat Rev Microbiol 17, 261–263 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-019-0187-4

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