Host defence strategies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB), include host resistance and disease tolerance. To date, most studies have focused on resistance mechanisms, but developing new strategies to eradicate Mtb will require an understanding of the entire landscape of immunity in TB. Here I discuss two evolutionarily conserved host defence strategies, disease tolerance and trained immunity (memory-like innate immune responses), and their role in Mtb infection.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Relevant articles
Open Access articles citing this article.
-
Towards new TB vaccines
Seminars in Immunopathology Open Access 18 March 2020
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$29.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Netea, M. G. et al. Trained immunity: a program of innate immune memory in health and disease. Science 352, aaf1098 (2016).
Pai, M. et al. Tuberculosis. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 2, 16076 (2016).
Nunes-Alves, C. et al. In search of a new paradigm for protective immunity to TB. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 12, 289–299 (2014).
Mishra, B. B. et al. Nitric oxide prevents a pathogen-permissive granulocytic inflammation during tuberculosis. Nat. Microbiol. 2, 17072 (2017).
Gieseck, R. L. 3rd, Wilson, M. S. & Wynn, T. A. Type 2 immunity in tissue repair and fibrosis. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 18, 62–76 (2018).
Cadena, A. M., Fortune, S. M. & Flynn, J. L. Heterogeneity in tuberculosis. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 17, 691–702 (2017).
Nemes, E. et al. Prevention of M. tuberculosis infection with H4:IC31 vaccine or BCG revaccination. N. Engl. J. Med. 379, 138–149 (2018).
Tzelepis, F. et al. Mitochondrial cyclophilin D regulates T cell metabolic responses and disease tolerance to tuberculosis. Sci. Immunol. 3, eaar4135 (2018).
Kaufmann, E. et al. BCG educates hematopoietic stem cells to generate protective innate immunity against tuberculosis. Cell 172, 176–190 (2018).
Fleming-Davies, A. E. et al. Incomplete host immunity favors the evolution of virulence in an emergent pathogen. Science 359, 1030–1033 (2018).
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant (FDN-143273) to M.D. and M.D. holds a Fonds de la Recherche du Quebec- Sante (FRQS) Award and the Strauss Chair in Respiratory Diseases.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The author declares no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Divangahi, M. Are tolerance and training required to end TB?. Nat Rev Immunol 18, 661–663 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-018-0070-y
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-018-0070-y
This article is cited by
-
Towards new TB vaccines
Seminars in Immunopathology (2020)
-
Intestinal dysbiosis compromises alveolar macrophage immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mucosal Immunology (2019)