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Large-area near-infrared perovskite light-emitting diodes

Nature Photonics volume 14, pages 215–218 (2020)Cite this article

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Abstract

The performance of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) has progressed rapidly in recent years, with electroluminescence efficiency now reaching 20%1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12. However, devices, so far, have featured small areas and usually show notable variation in device-to-device performance. Here, we show that the origin of suboptimal device performance stems from inadequate hole injection, and that the use of a hole-transporting polymer with a shallower ionization potential can improve device charge balance, efficiency and reproducibility. Using an ITO/ZnO/PEIE/FAPbI3/poly-TPD/MoO3/Al device structure, we report a 799 nm near-infrared PeLED that operates with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.2%, at a current density of 57 mA cm−2 and a radiance of 57 W sr−1 m−2. The standard deviation in the device EQE is only 1.2%, demonstrating high reproducibility. Large-area devices measuring 900 mm2 operate with a high EQE of 12.1%, and are shown to suit medical applications such as subcutaneous deep-tissue illumination and heart rate monitoring.

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Fig. 1: Device characteristics of a 4 mm2 ITO/ZnO/PEIE/FAPbI3/poly-TPD/MoO3/Al PeLED.
Fig. 2: Comparison of single-carrier devices.
Fig. 3: Energy level of PeLED device materials.
Fig. 4: Large-area 900 mm2 PeLEDs and applications.

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Data availability

The data that support the plots within this paper and other findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to H. Kuan for assistance with UPS measurements. We thank C. Xie for assistance with SEM imaging. We are grateful for funding support from the Ministry of Education of Singapore (R-143-000-674-114 and R-143-000-691-114) and the National University of Singapore (R-143-000-639-133, R-143-000-A10-133 and R-143-000-A54-118).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Xiaofei Zhao & Zhi-Kuang Tan

  2. Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Zhi-Kuang Tan

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  1. Xiaofei Zhao
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Contributions

X.Z. performed all experiments. X.Z. and Z.-K.T. analysed the data and wrote the paper. Z.-K.T. guided the work.

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Correspondence to Zhi-Kuang Tan.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Extended data

Extended Data Fig. 1 Spectral characteristics of FAPbI3 perovskite.

Absorbance (black) and photoluminescence spectra (red) of FAPbI3 perovskite.

Extended Data Fig. 2 Microstructure of FAPbI3 perovskite layer.

a, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image and b, atomic force microscopy (AFM) image of FAPbI3 perovskite layer on device substrate.

Extended Data Fig. 3 Device characteristics of 4 mm2 PeLED employing TFB.

a, Combined current density vs. voltage (black) and radiance vs. voltage (red) plots of ITO/ZnO/PEIE/FAPbI3/TFB/MoO3/Al PeLED. b, External quantum efficiency vs. current density of PeLED. Inset shows the histogram of the efficiencies of 40 devices.

Extended Data Fig. 4 Device lifetime of 900 mm2 PeLED.

Lifetime plot of 900 mm2 ITO/ZnO/PEIE/FAPbI3/Poly-TPD/MoO3/Al PeLED at constant current density of 10 mA cm−2.

Extended Data Fig. 5 Device characteristics of 900 mm2 PeLED employing TFB.

a, Combined current density vs. voltage (black) and radiance vs. voltage (red) plots of 900 mm2 ITO/ZnO/PEIE/FAPbI3/TFB/MoO3/Al PeLED. b, External quantum efficiency vs. current density of 900 mm2 PeLED.

Extended Data Fig. 6 Device characteristics of 900 mm2 PeLED on flexible PET.

a, Combined current density vs. voltage (black) and radiance vs. voltage (red) plots of 900 mm2 ITO/ZnO/PEIE/FAPbI3/Poly-TPD/MoO3/Al PeLED on flexible PET. b, External quantum efficiency vs. current density of 900 mm2 PeLED on flexible PET.

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Zhao, X., Tan, ZK. Large-area near-infrared perovskite light-emitting diodes. Nat. Photonics 14, 215–218 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-019-0559-3

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