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Magnetic 2D materials and heterostructures

Nature Nanotechnology volume 14, pages 408–419 (2019)Cite this article

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Abstract

The family of two-dimensional (2D) materials grows day by day, hugely expanding the scope of possible phenomena to be explored in two dimensions, as well as the possible van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures that one can create. Such 2D materials currently cover a vast range of properties. Until recently, this family has been missing one crucial member: 2D magnets. The situation has changed over the past 2 years with the introduction of a variety of atomically thin magnetic crystals. Here we will discuss the difference between magnetic states in 2D materials and in bulk crystals and present an overview of the 2D magnets that have been explored recently. We will focus on the case of the two most studied systems—semiconducting CrI3 and metallic Fe3GeTe2—and illustrate the physical phenomena that have been observed. Special attention will be given to the range of new van der Waals heterostructures that became possible with the appearance of 2D magnets, offering new perspectives in this rapidly expanding field.

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Fig. 1: Role of spin dimensionality and evolution of Tc.
Fig. 2: Magneto-optical Kerr effect for thin films of CrI3.
Fig. 3: Doping and gate control of layered magnets.
Fig. 4: Heterostructures with layered magnetic materials.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge discussions with (in alphabetical order): I. Gutiérrez-Lezama, H. Henck, G. Long, N. Ubrig and Z. Wang. This work was supported by the EU Graphene Flagship Program (K.S.N. and A.F.M.), European Research Council Synergy grant Hetero2D (K.S.N.), the Royal Society, the Engineering and Physical Research Council (EPSRC UK, grant number EP/N010345/1, K.S.N), US Army Research Office (W911NF-16-1-0279, K.S.N. and M.K.), Swiss National Science Foundation Ambizione grant program (M.G.) and Division II (A.F.M.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

    M. Gibertini & A. F. Morpurgo

  2. National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

    M. Gibertini

  3. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    M. Koperski & K. S. Novoselov

  4. National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    M. Koperski & K. S. Novoselov

  5. Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

    A. F. Morpurgo

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  1. M. Gibertini
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  2. M. Koperski
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  3. A. F. Morpurgo
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  4. K. S. Novoselov
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Correspondence to K. S. Novoselov.

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Gibertini, M., Koperski, M., Morpurgo, A.F. et al. Magnetic 2D materials and heterostructures. Nat. Nanotechnol. 14, 408–419 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0438-6

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