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Advances and challenges in understanding the microscopic structure–property–performance relationship in perovskite solar cells

Nature Energy volume 7, pages 794–807 (2022)Cite this article

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Abstract

The emergence of perovskite photovoltaic technology is transforming the landscape of solar energy. Its rapid development has been driven by the advances in our understanding of the thin-film microstructures of metal halide perovskites and their intriguing correlations with optoelectronic properties, device efficiency and long-term stability. Here we discuss the morphological characteristics of three key microstructure types encountered in perovskites, which include grain boundaries, intragrain defects and surfaces. To reveal detailed structural information of these microstructure types via tailored characterizations is crucial to probe their detrimental, neutral or beneficial effects on optoelectronic properties. We further elaborate the impacts of these microstructures on the degradation modes of perovskites. Representative examples are also presented, which have translated fundamental understandings to achieve state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells. Finally, we call for more attention in probing hidden microstructures and developing high-spatiotemporal-resolution characterizations, as well as harnessing the potential merits of microstructural imperfections, towards an elevated understanding of microstructure–property–performance relationships for the next solar cell advances.

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Fig. 1: Description and progress of PSCs.
Fig. 2: Morphological characteristics of MHP GBs.
Fig. 3: Morphological characteristics of MHP IGDs.
Fig. 4: Morphological characteristics of MHP surfaces.
Fig. 5: Photophysical properties of MHP GBs, IGDs, and surfaces.
Fig. 6: Propagation modes of phase degradation processes at different microstructural features of MHPs.
Fig. 7: Composition-dependent degradation modes of MHPs and impacts on state-of-the-art PSC development.

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Acknowledgements

Y.Z. acknowledges the start-up grants, the Interdisciplinary Matching Scheme, Initiation Grant—Faculty Niche Research Areas (IG-FNRA) 2020/21 of HKBU, and the Early Career Scheme (no. 22300221) from the Hong Kong Research Grant Council. L.M.H. acknowledges funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) UK, and support from TUM-IAS through a Hans Fischer Senior Fellowship. A.K.-Y.J. thanks the support from the Lee Shau Kee Chair Professorship and the Innovation and Technology Fund (ITS/497/18FP, GHP/021/18SZ). M.S. acknowledges the German Research Foundation (DFG, GRK 2642, SPP 2196).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China

    Yuanyuan Zhou

  2. Smart Society Lab, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China

    Yuanyuan Zhou

  3. Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Laura M. Herz

  4. TUM Institute for Advanced Study, TU Munich, Garching bei München, Germany

    Laura M. Herz

  5. Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Alex K-Y. Jen

  6. Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Alex K-Y. Jen

  7. Institute for Photovoltaics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

    Michael Saliba

  8. Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNER, IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany

    Michael Saliba

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Zhou, Y., Herz, L.M., Jen, A.KY. et al. Advances and challenges in understanding the microscopic structure–property–performance relationship in perovskite solar cells. Nat Energy 7, 794–807 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-022-01096-5

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