Sphingomyelin synthase 2 foci assemble at the leading edge of the basal membrane in migrating cells, and these foci eventually become sites of migrasome formation. Conversion of ceramide to sphingomyelin spurs migrasome growth and preserves the structural integrity of these organelles.
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References
Ma, L. et al. Discovery of the migrasome, an organelle mediating release of cytoplasmic contents during cell migration. Cell Res. 25, 24–38 (2015). This paper reports the discovery of migrasomes.
Jiang, D. et al. Migrasomes provide regional cues for organ morphogenesis during zebrafish gastrulation. Nat. Cell. Biol. 21, 966–977 (2019). This paper reports that migrasomes are signalling organelles that provide specific biochemical information to coordinate organ morphogenesis.
Zhang, C. et al. Monocytes deposit migrasomes to promote embryonic angiogenesis. Nat. Cell Biol. 24, 1726–1738 (2022). This paper reports that monocytes deposit migrasomes enriched in pro-angiogenic factors to promote angiogenesis.
Zhu, M. et al. Lateral transfer of mRNA and protein by migrasomes modifies the recipient cells. Cell Res. 31, 237–240 (2021). This paper reports that migrasomes contain mRNAs and proteins, which can be laterally transferred into recipient cells.
Jiao, H. et al. Mitocytosis, a migrasome-mediated mitochondrial quality-control process. Cell 184, 2896–2910 e2813 (2021). This paper reports that mitocytosis is an important mitochondrial quality-control process in migrating cells, which couples mitochondrial homeostasis to cell migration.
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This is a summary of: Liang, H. et al. The formation of migrasomes is initiated by the assembly of sphingomyelin synthase 2 foci at the leading edge of migrating cells. Nat. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-023-01188-8 (2023).
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Sphingomyelin synthase 2 foci determine sites of migrasome formation. Nat Cell Biol 25, 1087–1088 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-023-01199-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-023-01199-5
