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Malectin-like receptor kinases as protector deities in plant immunity

Nature Plants volume 8, pages 27–37 (2022)Cite this article

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Abstract

Plant malectin-like receptor kinases (MLRs), also known as Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase-1-like proteins, are well known for their functions in pollen tube reception and tip growth, cell wall integrity sensing, and hormonal responses. Recently, mounting evidence has indicated a critical role for MLRs in plant immunity. Here we focus on the emerging functions of MLRs in modulating the two-tiered immune system mediated by cell-surface-resident pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs). MLRs complex with PRRs and NLRs and regulate immune receptor complex formation and stability. Rapid alkalinization factor peptide ligands, LORELEI-like glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins and cell-wall-associated leucine-rich repeat extensins coordinate with MLRs to orchestrate PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity. We discuss the common theme and unique features of MLR complexes concatenating different branches of plant immune signalling.

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Fig. 1: The MLR–LLG–RALF–LRX module regulates plant immunity.
Fig. 2: Arabidopsis MLRs regulate different aspects of plant immunity.
Fig. 3: Multiple functions of Arabidopsis MLRs in PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity, hormone signalling and CWI sensing, culminating in a balanced growth–defence trade-off.
Fig. 4: Pathogen RALF peptides mimic host RALFs and modulate FER-mediated responses during infections.

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Acknowledgements

We apologize to those whose work is not cited due to space limitations. This research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (no. R01GM092893) to P.H., the NIH (no. R01GM097247) to L.S. and the PEW Latin American Fellows Program to F.A.O.-M.

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Fausto Andres Ortiz-Morea, Jun Liu.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    Fausto Andres Ortiz-Morea, Jun Liu, Libo Shan & Ping He

  2. Amazonian Research Center Cimaz-Macagual, University of the Amazon, Florencia, Colombia

    Fausto Andres Ortiz-Morea

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  1. Fausto Andres Ortiz-Morea
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  2. Jun Liu
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Contributions

F.A.O.-M., J.L., L.S. and P.H. contributed equally to the concept, outline and writing of the manuscript. F.A.O.-M. and J.L. generated the figures.

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Correspondence to Ping He.

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Peer review information Nature Plants thanks Hongqing Guo, Ralph Huckelhoven, Christoph Ringli and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.

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Ortiz-Morea, F.A., Liu, J., Shan, L. et al. Malectin-like receptor kinases as protector deities in plant immunity. Nat. Plants 8, 27–37 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-021-01028-3

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